Identification of a dietary pattern associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adolescence

Appannah, Geeta; Pot, Gerda K.; Huang, Rae Chi; Oddy, Wendy H.; Beilin, Lawrence J.; Mori, Trevor A.; Jebb, Susan A.; Ambrosini, Gina L.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.007

Cited by 72 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Characteristics of the cohort at 14 and 17 years have been reported elsewhere (15) . Table 1 shows that boys and girls had similar early-life factors, with the exception of smoking status at 18 weeks of pregnancy, which was more prevalent among the mothers of girls.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Early-life Exposures and Parental Socio-ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dietary pattern was prospectively associated with greater overall metabolic risk and fasting blood glucose in boys, higher waist circumference in girls and increased insulin resistance in both boys and girls between 14 and 17 years (15) . Tracking coefficients for this dietary pattern demonstrated moderate tracking between 14 and 17 years in both boys [r = 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-0.58) and girls (r = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.37-0.52) (15) ; however, this summarises tracking at the population level only and does not signify whether dietary pattern scores are consistently high or low in the study population. To help identify targets for interventions to improve dietary patterns in young people, information on dietary pattern tracking at the individual-level, as well as the determinants of tracking, is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Determinants of a dietary pattern linked with greater metabolic risk and its tracking during adolescence

Appannah

Pot

Oddy

et al. 2017

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background Although growing evidence suggests that dietary patterns associated with noncommunicable diseases in adulthood may develop early in life, when these are established, as well as their determinants, remains unclear. Methods We examined determinants and tracking of a dietary pattern (DP) associated with metabolic risk and its key food groups among 860 adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort study. Food intake was reported using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 14 and 17 years. Z‐scores for an ‘energy‐dense, high‐fat, low‐fibre’ DP were estimated by applying reduced rank regression at both ages. Tracking was based on the predictive value (PV) of remaining in the DPZ‐score or food intake quartile at 14 and 17 years. Early‐life exposures included: maternal age; maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index; parent smoking status during pregnancy; and parent socio‐economic position (SEP) at 14 and 17 years. Associations between the DPZ‐scores, early‐life factors and SEP were analysed using regression analysis. Results Dietary tracking was strongest among boys with high DPZ‐scores, high intakes of processed meat, low‐fibre bread, crisps and savoury snacks (PV > 1) and the lowest intakes of vegetables, fruit and legumes. Lower maternal education (β = 0.09, P = 0.002 at 14 years; β = 0.14, P < 0.001 at 17 years) and lower maternal age at birth (β = 0.09, P = 0.003 at 14 years; β = 0.11, P = 0.004 at 17 years) were positively associated with higher DPZ‐scores. Conclusions An energy‐dense, high‐fat, low‐fibre dietary pattern tracks more strongly among adolescent boys who have high scores for this pattern at 14 years of age. These findings highlight target foods and population subgroups for early interventions aiming to improve dietary behaviours.

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Section: Characteristics Of Early-life Exposures and Parental Socio-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determinants of a dietary pattern linked with greater metabolic risk and its tracking during adolescence

Appannah

Pot

Oddy

et al. 2017

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Having said that, a few observational studies in the Western countries have evaluated associations between empirically derived dietary patterns (DPs) and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents [10][11][12][13]. For example, two pregnancy cohort studies in Australia and United Kingdom (UK) reported that a DP characterised by food intakes high in dietary energy density (DED), high fat and low fibre was associated greater adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence in 2010 and 2015, respectively [11,12]. Because of emerging importance of dietary sugar in the development of obesity, an extension to the UK study was performed in 2016 [12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

et al. 2020

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Background: This study aimed to identify a dietary pattern (DP) characterised mainly by high intakes of free sugar and other nutrients hypothesised to be associated with obesity such as dietary energy density (DED), percentage of energy from total fat and fibre density in adolescents from three southern states of Peninsular Malaysia, and its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among 335 adolescents who provided both dietary information assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and biochemical parameters including lipid profile, blood glucose, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Anthropometric measurements included weight (kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (cm), while body mass index (BMI) in kg/ m 2 was estimated, respectively. Reduced rank regression (RRR) identified a DP with percentage of energy from sugar and total fat, DED and fibre density intake as response variables. Results: The identified 'high sugar, high fibre, high DED and low fat' DP was characterised by high intakes of sugarsweetened beverages, fruits, sweets and low intakes of meat and cereal. Adolescents in the highest tertile of the identified DP had about 3.0 (OR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3, 5.6) and 2.0 (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.0, 3.5) times higher odds of having dyslipideamia or elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, respectively compared to adolescents in the lowest tertile DP after adjusting for sex, school location, maternal education, physical activity, dietary misreporting and BMI z-score. This DP was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Higher adherence to a DP characterised mainly by free sugars and DED was associated with greater odds of having dyslipideamia, elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in Malaysian adolescents.

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“…Some pieces of research have identified lifestyle patterns associated to specific phenotypes and obesity in several population groups [34,35] and contributed to unravel the consequences that different diets may have on health [2,11,35,36,37,38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Patterns and Weight Status in Spanish Adults: The ANIBES Study

et al. 2017

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Limited knowledge is available on lifestyle patterns in Spanish adults. We investigated dietary patterns and possible meaningful clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep time, and smoking in Spanish adults aged 18–64 years and their association with obesity. Analysis was based on a subsample (n = 1617) of the cross-sectional ANIBES study in Spain. We performed exploratory factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis of dietary patterns, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the cluster solutions and obesity. Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns, “Traditional DP”, “Mediterranean DP”, “Snack DP” and “Dairy-sweet DP”. Dietary patterns, physical activity behaviors, sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking in Spanish adults aggregated into three different clusters of lifestyle patterns: “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle pattern”, “Not poor diet-low physical activity-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” and “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. A higher proportion of people aged 18–30 years was classified into the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. The prevalence odds ratio for obesity in men in the “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” was significantly lower compared to those in the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. Those behavior patterns are helpful to identify specific issues in population subgroups and inform intervention strategies. The findings in this study underline the importance of designing and implementing interventions that address multiple health risk practices, considering lifestyle patterns and associated determinants.

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Identification of a dietary pattern associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adolescence

Cited by 72 publications

References 46 publications

Determinants of a dietary pattern linked with greater metabolic risk and its tracking during adolescence

Determinants of a dietary pattern linked with greater metabolic risk and its tracking during adolescence

Associations of an empirical dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risk factors in Malaysian adolescents

Lifestyle Patterns and Weight Status in Spanish Adults: The ANIBES Study

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