Identification and molecular characterization of non-polio enteroviruses from children with acute flaccid paralysis in West Africa, 2013–2014

Abstract

Besides polioviruses, non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) may also be associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Because poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, more attention should be paid to study NPEVs from non-polio AFP cases and their epidemic patterns. In West African countries the epidemiology of NPEVs remains largely unexplored. We investigated the genetic diversity, frequency, circulation patterns, and molecular epidemiology of NPEVs in seven West African countries by analyzing retrospectively a panel of 3195 stool samples from children with AFP collected through routine poliomyelitis surveillance activities between 2013 and 2014. VP1 sequencing and typing on 201 isolates revealed 39 NPEV types corresponding to EV-A (6.9%), EV-B (90.5%), EV-C (2%) and EV-D (0.5%) species. Echoviruses were isolated most frequently with 138 cases (68.6%), followed by coxsackievirus group B with 35 cases (17.4%). No single NPEV type was remarkably dominant. Interestingly, several rarely described types with limited detection worldwide were identified (EVA76, EVA119, EVB75, EVB77, EVB97, EVC99, CVA20, CVA21 and EVD94). This study demonstrates the extensive diversity and diverse circulation patterns of NPEVs from AFP surveillance and highlights the need to formulate effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulations in West Africa.

Sero-molecular epidemiology of enterovirus-associated encephalitis in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2014 to 2017

“…E30 was reported to be one of the most frequently detected HEVs in European, American, Asian and African countries responsible for either an epidemic or endemic form of a CNS disease (e.g. AM and sepsis-like illness) (Baek et al, 2011;Bailly et al, 2011;Fernandez-Garcia et al, 2017). In this study, the E30 serotype detected in Zhejiang belonged to Lineage E30_h, which was consistent with our previous research .…”

“…Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene in the current study has facilitated the differentiation of circulating serotypes and association of specific HEV genotypes with AM. Some serotypes are associated with global epidemics (e.g., B5, E6 and E30), while others (e.g., A9, B3 and B4) are mainly endemic (Bailly et al, 2011;Fernandez-Garcia et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018;Smura et al, 2013). E30 was reported to be one of the most frequently detected HEVs in European, American, Asian and African countries responsible for either an epidemic or endemic form of a CNS disease (e.g.…”

Non-polio enteroviruses in faeces of children diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria

“…Considering the apparent porosity of borders in the Chad basin, this is not surprising. It is however crucial to note that the lineages circulating in Nigeria and Niger appear to be different from those recently shown [ 31 ] to be circulating in Gambia, Guinea and Senegal (Figs. 3 , 4 & 5 ).…”

Genetic Characterization of Enterovirus A71 Circulating in Africa

“…Sequence identity of EV-A71-C2 study strains with their closest related viruses (coxsackievirus A10 [CV-A10], CV-A5, EV-A120, and EV-A71 genogroup E strains) in the 3′ half of the genome was < 87.7%. Of note, we found much higher sequence identity with the full-genome sequence of CV-A14 isolate in our database, obtained in 2014 from a patient with AFP in Senegal ( 15 ). This strain features a high similarity value ( > 97%) with the 3′ half of the genomes of EV-A71-C2 West Africa strains (Figure 2), indicating that their P3 regions share a recent common ancestor.…”