Non-polio enteroviruses in faeces of children diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria

Abstract

BackgroundThe need to investigate the contribution of non-polio enteroviruses to acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cannot be over emphasized as we move towards a poliovirus free world. Hence, we aim to identify non-polio enteroviruses recovered from the faeces of children diagnosed with AFP in Nigeria.MethodsNinety-six isolates, (95 unidentified and one previously confirmed Sabin poliovirus 3) recovered on RD cell culture from the stool of children <15 years old diagnosed with AFP in 2014 were analyzed. All isolates were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and three different PCR reactions (one panenterovirus 5′-UTR and two different VP1 amplification assays). VP1 amplicons were then sequenced and isolates identified.Results92.71% (89/96) of the isolates were detected by at least one of the three assays as an enterovirus. Precisely, 79.17% (76/96), 6.25% (6/96), 7.30% (7/96) and 7.30% (7/96) of the isolates were positive for both, positive and negative, negative and positive, as well as negative for both the 5′-UTR and VP1 assays, respectively. In this study, sixty-nine (69) of the 83 VP1 amplicons sequenced were identified as 27 different enterovirus types. The most commonly detected were CV-B3 (10 isolates) and EV-B75 (5 isolates). Specifically, one, twenty-four and two of the enterovirus types identified in this study belong to EV-A, EV-B and EV-C respectively.ConclusionsThis study reports the circulating strains of 27 non-polio enterovirus types in Nigerian children with AFP in 2014 and Nigerian strains of CV-B2, CV-B4, E17, EV-B80, EV-B73, EV-B97, EV-B93, EV-C99 and EV-A120 were reported for the first time. Furthermore, it shows that being positive for the 5′-UTR assay should not be the basis for subjecting isolates to the VP1 assays.

Genomic Characterization of an Echovirus 7 Isolate of South-East Asian Ancestry Recovered from a Child with AFP in Nigeria

“…The same done with only the VP1 region showed it to be most similar to JN203720 (strain N-311) recovered from the stool of a child with AFP in India (5). This confirmed our previous finding of its South-East Asian ancestry and association with neurological manifestations (3).…”

Enterovirus inhibiting activities of two lupane triterpenoids and anthraquinones from senna siamea stem bark against three serotypes of echovirus

“…The three serotypes of Echovirus (E7, E13, and E19) used in this study were obtained from faeces of children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Nigeria 4 . The isolates were provided by the Enterovirus Study Group (ESG), Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.…”

“…Enteroviruses are associated with over a dozen clinical manifestation 2 ,one of which is Acute flaccid Paralysis (AFP), the clinical presentation of poliomyelitis 3 . In Nigeria alone, over 10,000 suspected AFP cases are recorded annually 4 . This gives a sense of the clinical significance of EV infections globally.…”

Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, the limited data about enterovirus infections are mostly related to AFP surveillance [20][21][22]. A previous survey in Côte d'Ivoire evidenced a high variety of enterovirus strains circulating in apparently healthy individuals [23].…”