Identification and characterization of avian hepatitis E virus genotype 2 from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in Korea

Moon, Hyun-Woo; Lee, Byung-Woo; Sung, Haan Woo; Kwon, Hyun-Jung

doi:10.1007/s11262-016-1351-9

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Pak aHEV isolates analysis shared 98–100% nucleotide identity with each other across the sequenced regions. The NSI of partial ORF1, ORF2 and complete ORF3 with other aHEV sequences was 82–93%, which is comparable to the complete, or the nearly complete genome sequencing data of Moon et al [25]. Similarly, NSI of 20–22% for Pak aHEV ORF3 sequences with Orthohepevirus A sequences are similar to results reported by Huang et al [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

Iqbal

Rashid

Idrees

et al. 2019

Virol J

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BackgroundAvian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) has been associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens along with asymptomatic subclinical infection in many cases. So far, four genotypes have been described, which cause infection in chickens, specifically in broiler breeders and layer chickens. In the present study, we isolated and identified two novel aHEV strains from the bile of layer chickens in Pakistan evincing clinical symptoms related to HSS.MethodologyHistology of liver and spleen tissues was carried out to observe histopathological changes in these tissues. Bile fluid and fecal suspensions were used for viral RNA isolation through MegNA pure and Trizol method which was further used for viral genome detection and characterization by cDNA synthesis and amplification of partial open reading frame (ORF) 1, ORF2 and complete ORF3. The bioinformatics tools; Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6), Mfold and ProtScale were used for phylogenic analysis, RNA secondary structure prediction and protein hydropathy analysis, respectively.ResultsSequencing and phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial methyltranferase (MeT), helicase (Hel) domain, ORF2 and complete ORF3 sequence suggests these Pakistani aHEV (Pak aHEV) isolates may belong to a Pakistani specific clade. The overall sequence similarity between the Pak aHEV sequences was 98–100%. The ORF1/ORF3 intergenic region contains a conserved cis-reactive element (CRE) and stem-loop structure (SLS). Analysis of the amino acid sequence of ORF3 indicated two hydrophobic domains (HD) and single conserved proline-rich domain (PRD) PREPSAPP (PXXPXXPP) with a single PSAP motif found in C-terminal. Amino acid changes S15 T, A31T, Q35H and G46D unique to the Pak aHEV sequences were found in the N-terminal region of ORF3.ConclusionsOur data suggests that Pak aHEV isolates may represent a novel Pakistani clade and high sequence homology to each other support the supposition they may belong to a monophyletic clade circulating in the region around Pakistan. The data presented in this study provide further information for aHEV genetic diversity, genotype mapping, global distribution and epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

Iqbal

Rashid

Idrees

et al. 2019

Virol J

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“…Genotype 1, was primarily isolated from BLS chickens in Australia and was also reported to cause the decrease in egg production in chickens during an outbreak in Korea (Payne et al, 1999; Kwon et al, 2012). Genotype 2, was primarily isolated from HSS chickens in the United States and was detected in BLS flocks in Central Europe and Poland, and also isolated from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in Korea (Haqshenas et al, 2001; Moon et al, 2016; Matczuk et al, 2019). Genotype 3, was isolated from HSS chickens in Europe and from hens with decreased egg laying in China (Morrow et al, 2008; Zhao et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Hepatitis E Virus: With the Trend of Genotypes and Host Expansion

Sun

Lin

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with a complete genome of approximately 6.6 kb in size. To date, four major genotypes of avian HEV have been identified and classified into the Orthohepevirus B genus of the family Hepeviridae . The avian HEV associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome, big liver and spleen disease or hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome in chickens is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian HEV. With the increased genotypes of avian HEV identified, a broader host tropism is also notable in the epidemiological studies. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system, the mechanisms of avian HEV replication and pathogenesis are still poorly understood. The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of avian HEV has demonstrated the virus’ ability of cross-species infection. Although it has not yet been detected in humans, the potential threat of a zoonotic HEV capable of transmission to humans needs to be taken into consideration. This review article focuses on the current knowledge regarding avian HEV in virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis and prevention. HIGHLIGHTS - The mechanisms of avian HEV replication and pathogenesis are still poorly understood due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. - A broader host tropism is also notable in the epidemiological studies with the increased genotypes of avian HEV identified. - The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of avian HEV has demonstrated the virus’ ability of cross-species infection. - The potential threat of a zoonotic HEV capable of transmission to humans needs to be taken into consideration.

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“…Genotypes 2, 3, and 4 strains of HEV have also been recovered in other nonhuman hosts, including mongoose, rats, birds, rabbits, bats and fish macaque, sheep, chicken, yak, and cattle [ 45 – 47 ]. Thus, swine has been primarily suspected as a source of zoonotic transmission owing to the fact that other animals are not closely related to human life [ 12 , 48 , 49 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, cross-species infection has been reported in China and Korea [ 49 ], due to traditional mixed farming system whereby various domestic animals are reared together in a close range [ 50 ] and this may hypothetically proliferate the zoonotic sources which could facilitate the transmission of HEV to humans. In the study area, especially in the communal farm, it was observed that pigs are being reared with other domestic animals, including cattle, chickens, ducks, and sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus from Swine in Eastern Cape, South Africa

Adelabu

Iweriebor

Nwodo

et al. 2017

Advances in Virology

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Hepatitis E virus-mediated infection is a serious public health concern in economically developing nations of the world. Globally, four major genotypes of HEV have been documented. Hepatitis E has been suggested to be zoonotic owing to the increase of evidence through various studies. Thus far, this paper reports on prevalence of hepatitis E virus among swine herd in selected communal and commercial farms in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of 160 faecal samples were collected from swine herds in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities of Eastern Cape Province for the presence of HEV. Of the 160 faecal samples screened, only seven were positive (4.4%) for HEV. The nucleotide sequences analyses revealed the isolates as sharing 82% to 99% identities with other strains (KX896664, KX896665, KX896666, KX896667, KX896668, KX896669, and KX896670) from different regions of the world. We conclude that HEV is present among swine in the Eastern Cape Province, albeit in low incidence, and this does have public health implications. There is a need for maintenance of high hygienic standards in order to prevent human infections through swine faecal materials and appropriate cooking of pork is highly advised.

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Identification and characterization of avian hepatitis E virus genotype 2 from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in Korea

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

Avian Hepatitis E Virus: With the Trend of Genotypes and Host Expansion

Incidence and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus from Swine in Eastern Cape, South Africa

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