A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

Iqbal, Tahir; Rashid, Umer; Idrees, Muhammad; Afroz, Amber; Kamili, Saleem; Purdy, Michael A.

doi:10.1186/s12985-019-1247-0

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Different genotypes of avian HEV have been reported worldwide [10,20,21,22]. Zhao et al reported the complete genome sequence of the rst avian HEV in 2010 [3], since then, the avian HEV isolates of different genotypes have been widely reported in China, including Shandong, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces [10,13,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Avian Hepatitis E in Shandong Province, China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the pathogenic agent of big liver and spleen disease (BLS) and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HS) in chickens, which has caused economic losses to the poultry industry in China. Eighteen samples of BLS chickens were collected in this study to understand the molecular epidemiology characteristics of avian HEV in Shandong province, China.Results: Gross and microscopic lesions of clinical samples were observed, then virology detection and genetic analysis of avian HEV were performed. The results showed that there were significant swelling and rupture in the liver, and spleen was enlarged. Microscopic lesions demonstrated that obvious hemorrhage in the liver, with infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, the reduction of lymphocytes in the spleen. Eleven out of the 18 samples were positive for HEV, with a positive rate of 61.11%. More importantly, all HEV positive samples were mixed infections. Among them, the mixed infections of avian HEV and chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were the most common. In addition, the genetic evolution analysis showed that all obtained HEV isolates did not belong to the reported 4 genotypes, and they constituted a novel genotype. Conclusions: These results of this study further enriched the epidemiological data of avian HEV in Shandong province and proved the genetic diversity of HEV in China, but also uncovered the complicated mixed infections of avian HEV in clinical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Avian Hepatitis E in Shandong Province, China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…It is known that the first sequenced strain of avian HEV was isolated from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States in 2000 ( Haqshenas et al., 2001 ). After that, avian HEV strains were successively reported in Europe ( Bilic et al., 2009 ); Shandong, China ( Zhao et al., 2010 ); Hungary ( Bányai et al., 2012 ); South Korea ( Kwon et al., 2012 ); Taiwan, China ( Hsu and Tsai, 2014 ); Guangdong, China ( Zhang et al., 2019 ); and Pakistan ( Iqbal et al., 2019 ), which confirmed again the high diversity of the avian HEV and the existence of difierent genotypes ( Bányai et al., 2012 ; Sprygin et al., 2012 ; Sun et al., 2019 ), indicating that more different types of strains may be found in the future. In this study, to further clarify the molecular characteristics of the avian HEV strain circulating in the aforementioned farm, the capsid gene of the virus was sequenced using the Sanger method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Note: A putative novel subtype of the avian hepatitis E virus of genotype 3, Jiangxi province, China

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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In recent years, the avian hepatitis E virus ( HEV ) has been widely spread in China, causing huge economic losses. Several studies have carried out detailed epidemiologic investigations of the avian HEV, but no data were from Jiangxi province. Since early April 2020, diseases similar to hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome caused by the avian HEV occurred in a Roman Brown layer farm in Jiangxi province, indicating this virus may also be epidemic there. To make this assumption clear, 20 liver samples were collected from the sick flock and then analyzed by detailed viral detection, which confirmed that the avian HEV should be responsible for the aforementioned disease (6 of 20). Then, the capsid gene of the virus was sequenced to show the molecular characteristics of the strain circulating in the aforementioned flock. Sequence comparison showed that it shared 80.7 to 94.7% identities with 12 published strains, while phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belongs to a new subtype of genotype 3. Moreover, basing on a 242 bp fragment, the novel also shared high similarities to reference strains identified as genotypes before, revealing the genotype 3 maybe very popular in China and even can be divided into several subgroups. In conclusion, a novel avian HEV strain was identified in this study, which belongs to a new subtype of genotype 3. The analysis makes up for the molecular epidemiologic data of avian HEV and provides a basis for further understanding the spread of avian HEV in China.

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“…Total RNA was extracted from the liver and feces using a total RNA extraction kit (Axygen, USA). The extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Takara, Dalian, China) and then PCR detection with two sets of primers ( Supplementary Table 1 ) targeting the partial ORF2 capsid gene sequences of avian HEV was performed ( 12 , 18 ). At the same time, total DNA was extracted from the liver tissue using the DNA extraction kit (TianGen, China), and the PCR detections for avian leukosis virus (ALV), Marek's disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) were also performed, respectively, by using the primers ( Supplementary Table 2 ) as our previous reports ( 19 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Molecular Characterization of an Avian Hepatitis E Virus From Donglan Black Chicken in Southern China

Deng²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major pathogen associated with hepatitis splenomegaly syndrome in chickens and has been reported in China. Phylogenetic trees, Bayesian analysis, positive selection sites screening, and recombination analysis were first used to comprehend the global avian HEVs. All the avian HEV strains, including a new isolate named GX20A1 got from Donglan Black chicken in Guangxi, China, were uniformly defined into four genotypes, and GX20A1, belongs to Genotype 3. The topology of the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of a 339-bp fragment (coding the helicase) in open reading frame (ORF) 1 of the avian HEVs was consistent with that based on the full-genome sequence. The estimated evolution rate of avian HEVs is 2.73 × 10−3 substitution/site/year (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.01 × 10−4−4.91 × 10−3), and the estimated genetic diversity of the strains experienced a declining phase from 2010 to 2017 and stabilized after 2017. It was further found that the Genotype 3 HEVs, including isolates from Hungary and China, likely originated in the 1930s. Notably, GX20A1 was gathered in the same branch with a Genotype 3 Guangdong isolate CaHEV-GDSZ01, which appeared earlier than GX20A1. In addition, two positive selection sites were identified, one for each of ORF1 and ORF2. Overall, the study revealed that avian HEVs were uniformly defined into four genotypes, and a 339-bp fragment in ORF1 of the viral genome could be used for the classification. A Genotype 3 isolate GX20A1 was first found from Donglan Black chicken and most likely originated from Guangdong.

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A novel avian isolate of hepatitis E virus from Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

The Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Avian Hepatitis E in Shandong Province, China

The Diagnosis and Molecular Epidemiology Investigation of Avian Hepatitis E in Shandong Province, China

Research Note: A putative novel subtype of the avian hepatitis E virus of genotype 3, Jiangxi province, China

Emergence and Molecular Characterization of an Avian Hepatitis E Virus From Donglan Black Chicken in Southern China

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