Ice storm damage: Effects of competition and fertilization on the growth of sugar maple trees

Lautenschlager, R. A.; Pedlar, John H.; Winters, John A.; Nielsen, Cathy

doi:10.5558/tfc79063-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It decreased the most in severely affected trees, and little among those with limited crown damage. Crown loss of 80% resulted in a 50% reduction of growth (Lautenschlager et al 2003).…”

Section: Mortality Following Ice Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of ice-damaged northern hardwood stands in northern New York

Nyland

Dalton

Allen

et al. 2016

The Forestry Chronicle

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At three previously thinned, even-aged northern hardwood stands affected by the 1998 ice storm, we evaluated the responses of trees in plots given a rehabilitation treatment, and compared findings to adjacent untreated areas. In both the rehabilitated and untreated areas mortality seemed consistent with regional norms for northern hardwood stands. Trees that died after the storm had essentially complete crown loss due to ice loading, and 12% of living trees lost at least half of their crown. In both sets of plots, epicormic branching within the crown led to crown rebuilding, resulting in high levels of tree survival and good post-storm diameter growth on all plots. Release of selected upper-canopy trees by the rehabilitation cutting significantly increased diameter growth rates compared to those in untreated areas. While some epicormics developed below the base of the original crown in both treated and untreated plots, they largely emanated at > 5.2 m from the ground and did not degrade the butt log of most trees.Keywords: ice storm, even-aged northern hardwoods, rehabilitation treatment, stand growth, stand mortality, epicormic branching. RéSuméAu moyen de mesures effectuées dans des parcelles, nous avons évalué la réaction des arbres à la suite du verglas de 1998 dans trois peuplements équiennes de feuillus nordiques éclaircis qui avaient bénéficié d'un traitement de réhabilitation, et comparé les résultats à ceux des parcelles voisines n'ayant reçu aucun traitement. Tant dans les parcelles réhabilitées que dans celles non traitées, la mortalité semblait conforme aux standards régionaux pour les peuplements de feuillus nordiques. Les arbres qui sont morts après la tempête de verglas avaient essentiellement perdu l' ensemble de leur cime sous le poids de la glace et 12 % des arbres vivants avaient perdu au moins la moitié de leur cime. Dans les deux groupes de parcelles, la croissance des pousses adventives dans la cime a permis à celle-ci de se rétablir ce qui a donné un fort niveau de survie chez les arbres et une bonne croissance en diamètre post-tempête dans toutes les parcelles. Le dégage-ment des arbres choisis parmi les dominants au cours de la coupe de réhabilitation a considérablement augmenté les taux de croissance en diamètre, comparativement aux arbres des parcelles non traitées. Même si certaines pousses adventives se sont développées sous le niveau de la cime originale, tant dans les parcelles traitées que dans celles non traitées, elles se trouvaient en grande partie à plus de 5,2 m au-dessus du sol et n' ont pas déclassé la bille de souche de la plupart des arbres.

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“…It decreased the most in severely affected trees, and little among those with limited crown damage. Crown loss of 80% resulted in a 50% reduction of growth (Lautenschlager et al 2003).…”

Section: Mortality Following Ice Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of ice-damaged northern hardwood stands in northern New York

Nyland

Dalton

Allen

et al. 2016

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…Canopy loss of 80 percent resulted in a 50-percent reduction of growth. A supplementary combination of understory mistblowing and fertilization (phosphorus, potassium, and lime) did not signifi cantly increase the short-term responses (Lautenschlager et al 2003b). After another fertilization experiment, ice-damaged sugar maple trees given P and K had a 22-percent and 15-percent increase in basal area increment, respectively, during the second and third growing season (Timmer et al 2003).…”

Section: Other Effects Of Crown Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Hardwood crown injuries and rebuilding following ice storms: a literature review

Kraemer¹,

Nyland

2010

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Ice storms occur frequently in northeastern North America. They damage and kill trees, change the structural characteristics of a forest, and may importantly alter the goods and services that owners realize from their land. This literature review summarizes 90 years of relevant information, mainly from fairly short term studies published between 1904 and 2006. It documents ice storm severity and the effects on hardwood branch loss, primarily among upper canopy trees; methods for estimating and classifying hardwood crown damage; and factors infl uencing epicormic branch formation on hardwood trees. It also summarizes management recommendations for dealing with crown loss and for managing stands after damage by ice storms.

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“…Preliminary growth analysis from these sample trees, based on increment core borings taken at stem breast height, found significant increases in basal area increment in the second (22%) and third (15%) year after PK fertilization, but no effect by the dolomitic lime treatments (Lautenschlager et al 2003). Combined P, K and lime applications did not improve on the growth response.…”

Section: Relating Treatments To Tree Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and leaf analysis of fertilized sugar maple stands after ice storm damage

Timmer¹,

Teng²,

Pedlar³

2003

The Forestry Chronicle

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Lime and/or PK fertilizers were applied as remedial soil treatments to 33 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) woodlots established on a broad range of sites in eastern Ontario. All woodlots were actively used for maple syrup production and had suffered varying degrees of crown damage as a result of the 1998 ice storm. Soil and foliar samples were collected one and three growing seasons after treatment to assess changes in soil fertility and nutrition of these stands. Except for Ca from liming, the treatments significantly increased soil supply of added elements (P, K, Ca or Mg) as measured by standard laboratory methods. These effects may be relatively short-lived, as soil nutrient levels on treatment plots had started to decline by the end of the third season after treatment. Liming alleviated acidity on acid soils, but pH of neutral calcareous soils was unaffected, thus allaying initial concerns that liming may be "toxic" on these soils. The liming response was rapid, and persisted into the third growing season. Nutrient responses in soils were reflected in foliar analyses. Leaf P, K, Ca, and Mg were significantly raised when added as soil amendments. The results show that first-season nutrient responses to fertilizer additions are sensitive indicators of treatment effects on soil and foliage of sugar maple in the region. Initial growth assessments suggest a 15-22% basal area increment to P and K applications; however, it is not known if these early treatment effects will translate into long-term tree growth and sap yield responses.Key words: Acer saccharum, phosphorous and potassium fertilization, liming, soil tests, foliar analysis, soil acidity De la chaux ou encore des fertilisants à base de P et de K ont été utilisés en tant que traitements curatifs pour 33 érablières à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) établies sur une grande variété de sites de l'Est de l'Ontario. Tous ces boisés étaient activement utilisés pour la production de sirop d'érable et avaient connu divers degrés de dégâts de cime suite à la tempête de verglas de 1998. Des échantil-lons du sol et des feuilles ont été recueillis une saison et trois saisons de croissance après traitement afin d'évaluer les changements au niveau de la fertilité du sol et de la nutrition dans ces peuplements. Mis à part le Ca provenant de la chaux, les traitements ont augmenté de façon significative l'apport dans le sol d'éléments additionnels (P, K. Ca ou Mg) tel que mesuré par les méthodes normales de laboratoire. Ces effets pourraient être relativement de courte durée, puisque les niveaux d'éléments nutritifs dans le sol avaient tendance à diminuer à la fin de troisième saison après le traitement. L'apport de chaux a modifié l'acidité du sol, mais le pH des sols calcaires neutres n'a pas changé, apaisant ainsi les inquiétudes initiales que la chaux pourrait être « toxique » pour ces sols. La réaction à l'apport de chaux a été rapide et a persisté au cours de la troisième saison de croissance. Les réactions des éléments nutritifs du sol se sont reflétées dans les a...

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Ice storm damage: Effects of competition and fertilization on the growth of sugar maple trees

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Response of ice-damaged northern hardwood stands in northern New York

Response of ice-damaged northern hardwood stands in northern New York

Hardwood crown injuries and rebuilding following ice storms: a literature review

Soil and leaf analysis of fertilized sugar maple stands after ice storm damage

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