<i>Shigella</i>Species (Shiga Enterotoxins)

Barceloux, Donald G.

doi:10.1002/9780470330319.ch20

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…Kiyoshi Shiga in 1897 from Japan, first isolated the highly virulent strain S. dysenteriae that produce exotoxins (Trofa et al 1999;Lampel et al 2018). The other species were discovered later, S. flexneri in 1899, S. sonnei by Carl Olaf Sonne in 1906and Shigella boydii in 1921(Barceloux 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance

Shad

2020

Arch Microbiol

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Shigella sonnei is the emerging pathogen globally, as it is the second common infectious species of shigellosis (bloody diarrhoea) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the leading one in developed world. The multifactorial processes and novel mechanisms have been identified in S. sonnei, that are collectively playing apart a substantial role in increasing its prevalence, while replacing the S. flexneri and other Gram-negative gut pathogens niche occupancy. Recently, studies suggest that due to improvement in sanitation S. sonnei has reduced cross-immunization from Plesiomonas shigelliodes (having same O-antigen as S. sonnei) and also found to outcompete the two major species of Enterobacteriaceae family (Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli), due to encoding of type VI secretion system (T6SS). This review aimed to highlight S. sonnei as an emerging pathogen in the light of recent research with pondering aspects on its epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenic mechanisms. Additionally, this paper aimed to review S. sonnei disease pattern and related complications, symptoms, and laboratory diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, the available treatment reigns and antibiotic-resistance patterns of S. sonnei are also discussed, as the ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. sonnei has already intensified the global spread and burden of antimicrobial resistance. In last, prevention and controlling strategies are briefed to limit and tackle S. sonnei and possible future areas are also explored that needed more research to unravel the hidden mysteries surrounding S. sonnei.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance

Shad

2020

Arch Microbiol

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Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella

Baker

2018

Microbial Genomics

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Shigella are ranked among the most prevalent aetiologies of diarrhoeal disease worldwide, disproportionately affecting young children in developing countries and high-risk communities in developed settings. Antimicrobial treatment, most commonly with fluoroquinolones, is currently recommended for Shigella infections to alleviate symptoms and control disease transmission. Resistance to fluoroquinolones has emerged in differing Shigella species (S. dysenteriae, flexneri and sonnei) since the turn of the 21st century, originating in endemic areas, and latterly spreading into non-endemic regions. Despite occurring independently, the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in these different Shigella species shares striking similarities regarding their epidemiology and resistance mechanisms. Here, we review and discuss the current epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella species, particularly in the light of recent genomic insights.

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ShigellaSpecies (Shiga Enterotoxins)

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance

Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance

Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella

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