Schistosoma mansoni: liver phase challenge attrition is a stage‐dependent phenomenon in guinea‐pigs vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae

McLaren, Diane J.; Rogers, Mark V.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00848.x

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The development of CI found in mice could be due to the following reasons: first, the inhibition of egg production eliminate the excretion of soluble egg antigens (SEA) and, hence, the production of blocking antibodies as shown previously in NM mice [31] which may explain the enhancement of CI. Second, comparing with the irradiated vaccine model, established by McLaren and Rogers, the protection against reinfection due to concomitant immunity is dependent on the living adult worms in NM mice [32]. This is supported by [33] who concluded that adult worms might promote anti-larval immunity via the release of antigens, thus creating a barrier against continuous infection and limiting burden size within the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The investigation of protective concomitant immunity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

Salim¹,

Ismael²

2012

OJI

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The present study was conducted mainly to establish a new concomitant immunity model to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection with a possibility of using as a diagnostic marker. Three groups (A, B and C) of BALB/c mice were infected with a single dose of S. mansoni cercariae obtained from infected Biomphalaria glabrata snail. The group A mice were used as infected control group. The group B mice were intraperitoneally injected with allylthiourea (ATU) 22 days post-primary infection then they were challenged 3 weeks post-ATU treatment. The group C mice were challenged with the same number of cercariae 6 weeks post-primary infection. Perfusion of all mice was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm burdens. The livers of all mice were obtained for parasitological and pathological assessments. Our results showed that the group B mice had a 29.11% worm reduction rate, 25.37% liver egg reduction rate, and 37.48% granuloma size reduction rate compared to their respective controls. While the group C mice showed superior results and had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% liver egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate. It was concluded that these results described novel imaging methods that permit visualization of live schistosomes within their living hosts and may have important implications not only for epidemiological and diagnostic investigations, but also in designing control programs for schistosomiasis including anti-schistosome vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The investigation of protective concomitant immunity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

Salim¹,

Ismael²

2012

OJI

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“…Though the order in which cells die in nematodes is invariable, changes in the timing of induction of parasite PCD may promote protection in a number of ways, including the early senesence of the worm, inappropriate development (effects on fecundity), development in abnormal locations or inadequate growth (stunting). This view is supported by the regulatory effects of TNF on schistosomes where 'internal damage in the absence of effects on the worm surface' or 'inhibition of some physiological function' have been reported (Pearce & James 1986, James et al 1990, McLaren & Rogers 1986. Thus the widely reported biochemical and ultrastructural changes induced by protective immune responses in a number of helminths (Haque, et al 1981, Pearce & James 1986, McLaren & Rogers 1986, James et al 1990) may be a consequence of PCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Is the induction of apoptosis the mechanism of the protective effects of TNFα in helminth infection?

Garside¹,

Sands²,

Kusel

et al. 1996

Parasite Immunology

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Tumour necrosis factor alpha has been implicated in protective immune responses to a number of parasitic helminths. However, the final effector mechanisms resulting in death or expulsion of the parasite are unclear. Here we suggest that, by employing phylogenetically conserved mechanisms, the mammalian immune system is able to interfere with helminth development directly and that the protective effects of TNF alpha in helminth infections may operate via the induction of parasite apoptosis.

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“…Second, comparing with the irradiated vaccine model, established by McLaren et al (24), the protection against reinfection due to concomitant immunity is dependent on the living adult worms in NM mice. This is supported by Brown et al (25), who concluded that adult worms might promote anti-larval immunity via the release of antigens, thus creating a barrier against continuous infection and limiting burden size within the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in Mice

Salim

Al-Humiany²

2013

TurkiyeParazitolDerg

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to confirm observations on the concomitant immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and assess its effects on the resistance of mice to a challenge infection. Methods: Cercariae from infected Biomphalaria glabrata were used to infect mice. Twenty mice were infected with a single dose of S. mansoni cercariae. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (Group A) and control group (Group B). Group A mice were challenged with the same number of cercariae six weeks after the primary infection. Perfusion of all mice was done 9 weeks after infection in order to obtain worm burdens in relation to their initial cercarial dose. The livers of all mice were obtained for parasitological and pathological assessments. Results: Our results showed that all the exposed animals became infected with S. mansoni. After a challenge infection, Group A mice had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% liver egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate compared to their respective controls. This study shows that mice with persistent adult S. mansoni infection are able to mount a very strong regulatory response to a challenge infection. It is concluded that concomitant immunity does occur in mice. Conclusion: These results describe novel imaging methods that permit visualization of live schistosomes within their living hosts and may help to elucidate mechanisms of infection and also be of value not only for epidemiological investigations, but also in designing government control programs for schistosomiasis. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37: 19-22) . Grup A fareleri birincil enfeksiyondan altı hafta sonra aynı sayıda serkarya ile sınandı. Başlangıç serkarya dozlarıyla ilişkili kurtçuk yükünü elde etmek için tüm farelere enfeksiyondan 9 hafta sonra perfüzyon yapıldı. Bütün farelerin karaciğerleri parazitolojik ve patolojik değerlendirmeler için alındı. Bulgular: Sonuçlarımız maruz kalan tüm hayvanların S. mansoni ile enfekte olduğunu gösterdi. Karşılaşılan bir enfeksiyondan sonra ilgili kontrolleriyle kıyaslandığında, Grup A farelerde kurtçuk azalma oranı %54.66, karaciğerdeki yumurta azalma oranı %41.45, granülom boyutundaki azalma oranı %51.76 idi. Bu çalışma göstermektedir ki persistant yetişkin S. mansoni enfeksiyonu olan fareler, meydan okuyan bir enfeksiyona çok güçlü bir düzenleyici cevap oluşturabilmektedir. Farelerde konkomitant bağışık oluştuğuna karar verilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu bulgular canlı şistozomların yaşayan konaklarında görüntülenmesini sağlayan yeni görüntüleme metotlarını tanımlamaktadır ve enfeksiyon mekanizmalarını açıklamaya yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca bu bulgular, sadece epidemiyolojik araştırmalar için değil, şistozomiyaz için devlet kontrol programları tasarlamak için de önemlidir. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37: 19-22)

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Schistosoma mansoni: liver phase challenge attrition is a stage‐dependent phenomenon in guinea‐pigs vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

The investigation of protective concomitant immunity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

The investigation of protective concomitant immunity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

Is the induction of apoptosis the mechanism of the protective effects of TNFα in helminth infection?

Concomitant Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in Mice

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