Concomitant Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in Mice

Salim, Abdel-Moneim M.; Al-Humiany, A.

doi:10.5152/tpd.2013.05

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Besides of this, in BSIM group there was reduction in the eggs quantity and worm numbers. This finding reflects concomitant immunity, in which adult worms and egg antigens stimulate a protective immune response against new infections ( Salim & Al-Humiany 2013 ) by reaching the intestinal epithelium ( Schramm & Haas 2010) . This situation mimics the antigens present in the breast milk that continuously act during lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers differently modulate the immune response of adult offspring to postnatal Schistosoma mansoni infection

Santos

Lorena

Fernandes

et al. 2016

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schistosoma mansoni antigens in the early life alter homologous and heterologous immunity during postnatal infections. We evaluate the immunity to parasite antigens and ovalbumin (OA) in adult mice born/suckled by schistosomotic mothers. Newborns were divided into: born (BIM), suckled (SIM) or born/suckled (BSIM) in schistosomotic mothers, and animals from noninfected mothers (control). When adults, the mice were infected and compared the hepatic granuloma size and cellularity. Some animals were OA + adjuvant immunised. We evaluated hypersensitivity reactions (HR), antibodies levels (IgG1/IgG2a) anti-soluble egg antigen and anti-soluble worm antigen preparation, and anti-OA, cytokine production, and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells by splenocytes. Compared to control group, BIM mice showed a greater quantity of granulomas and collagen deposition, whereas SIM and BSIM presented smaller granulomas. BSIM group exhibited the lowest levels of anti-parasite antibodies. For anti-OA immunity, immediate HR was suppressed in all groups, with greater intensity in SIM mice accompanied of the remarkable level of basal CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. BIM and SIM groups produced less interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-g. In BSIM, there was higher production of IL-10 and IFN-g, but lower levels of IL-4 and CD4+FoxP3+T-cells. Thus, pregnancy in schistosomotic mothers intensified hepatic fibrosis, whereas breastfeeding diminished granulomas in descendants. Separately, pregnancy and breastfeeding could suppress heterologous immunity; however, when combined, the responses could be partially restored in infected descendants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers differently modulate the immune response of adult offspring to postnatal Schistosoma mansoni infection

Santos

Lorena

Fernandes

et al. 2016

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, this parasite persistence triggers a constant activation of the immune system that is thought to exert a resistance to reinfections. This condition of non-sterile immunity, known as premunition or premunity [ 9 ], has been described for several diseases like malaria [ 10 – 12 ] and infections by helminthes [ 13 – 17 ]. Despite such a potential immune response, there are evidences that reinfections actually occur in animal models of Chagas disease such as mice [ 18 – 22 ], dogs [ 23 ], guinea pigs [ 24 ] and hamsters [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological modeling of Trypanosoma cruzi: Low stercorarian transmission and failure of host adaptive immunity explain the frequency of mixed infections in humans

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People living in areas with active vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease have multiple contacts with its causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi. Reinfections by T. cruzi are possible at least in animal models leading to lower or even hardly detectable parasitaemia. In humans, although reinfections are thought to have major public health implications by increasing the risk of chronic manifestations of the disease, there is little quantitative knowledge about their frequency and the timing of parasite re-inoculation in the course of the disease. Here, we implemented stochastic agent-based models i) to estimate the rate of re-inoculation in humans and ii) to assess how frequent are reinfections during the acute and chronic stages of the disease according to alternative hypotheses on the adaptive immune response following a primary infection. By using a hybrid genetic algorithm, the models were fitted to epidemiological data of Argentinean rural villages where mixed infections by different genotypes of T. cruzi reach 56% in humans. To explain this percentage, the best model predicted 0.032 (0.008–0.042) annual reinfections per individual with 98.4% of them occurring in the chronic phase. In addition, the parasite escapes to the adaptive immune response mounted after the primary infection in at least 20% of the events of re-inoculation. With these low annual rates, the risks of reinfection during the typically long chronic stage of the disease stand around 14% (4%-18%) and 60% (21%-70%) after 5 and 30 years, with most individuals being re-infected 1–3 times overall. These low rates are better explained by the weak efficiency of the stercorarian mode of transmission than a highly efficient adaptive immune response. Those estimates are of particular interest for vaccine development and for our understanding of the higher risk of chronic disease manifestations suffered by infected people living in endemic areas.

show abstract

Fiscal and Monetary Systems in the Mahdist Sudan, 1881–1898

Nakash¹

1988

Int. J. Middle East Stud.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article focuses on two major aspects of the Mahdist political economy, i.e., its fiscal and monetary systems. It attempts to integrate an analysis of their structure with that of the political behavior of the Mahdist rulers in order to show how the Mahdist rulers' political power and personal aspirations affected the development of both systems. In doing so, the article will be primarily concerned with the struggle of the successors of the Mahdi for resource control; it will examine the efforts of the ruling group to control and manipulate the fiscal and monetary systems in order to turn these—and indeed the economy as a whole—into a power base so as to preserve the established political order.

show abstract

Concomitant Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in Mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers differently modulate the immune response of adult offspring to postnatal Schistosoma mansoni infection

Gestation and breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers differently modulate the immune response of adult offspring to postnatal Schistosoma mansoni infection

Epidemiological modeling of Trypanosoma cruzi: Low stercorarian transmission and failure of host adaptive immunity explain the frequency of mixed infections in humans

Fiscal and Monetary Systems in the Mahdist Sudan, 1881–1898

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About