Salmonella and Shigella and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among adult patients with complaints of diarrhea at Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea is one of the public health important diseases in developing countries. Among the causative agents of diarrhea, Salmonella serovars and Shigella species continue to play a major role in resource-limited countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among adult patients with complaints of diarrhea. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with complaints of diarrhea at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 2019 to November 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics of participants. Fecal samples were inoculated onto Selenite F broth and Xylose Lysine Dextrose media to isolate Salmonella serovars and Shigella species. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed by SPSS computer software version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella serovars and Shigella species was 8.6% with 95% confidence interval (3.2–13.8). Participant those who do not wash their hands were three times more likely to be infected with Salmonella and Shigella ( p < 0.001) than their counterparts. Participants who consume uncooked food had about two times the chance to be infected with Salmonella and Shigella ( p < 0.001) than their counterparts. All serovars of Salmonella and serotypes of Shigella were resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: In this study, relatively a high prevalence of Salmonella serovars and Shigella species was found among adult patients with complaints of diarrhea at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Consuming uncooked food and not washing hands were significantly associated with the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Diarrheic Patients Attending Private Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…In the current study, none of the patient-related factors were shown to have statistically significant association with detection of Salmonella from stool of diarrheic patients unlike previous studies where consumption of raw vegetables and stool being watery [26], and poor hand washing practices and consumption of raw/uncooked foods were associated with detection of Salmonella in diarrheic patients [28]. The reason why we did not observe such association in this study could be due to small sample size and better practices of cleaning raw vegetables before consumption among study participants.…”

Different Species of <i>Salmonella spp</i> and <i>Shigella spp</i> and Their Risk of Infection in N’Djamena Chad

“…This result corroborates those of Tural et al 2015 [11]. A slight decrease in prevalence rate was reported by Yesigat T et al [15], who reported 4.1% and this differs from Kassahun Abera et al [16]. On the other hand, Kuma Diriba et al [17] reported a percentage of 8.6% and 12% of the overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species.…”

Occurrence of Diarrheagenic Pathogens and Their Coinfection Profiles in Diarrheic Under Five Children and Tracked Human Contacts in Urban and Rural Settings of Eastern Ethiopia

“…is high in resource-limited countries. 5,48 Thus, our study might suggests the need for strong control strategies of the pathogens in urban equally as in rural settings in countries like Ethiopia.…”