Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Diarrheic Patients Attending Private Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the major causes of bacterial foodborne infection. It is mainly manifested by self-limiting gastroenteritis in healthy individuals but can also cause severe complications including blood stream infection and mortality. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella is becoming a global public health concern. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of Salmonella, identifying serotypes involved, and investigating antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates among diarrheic patients attending private hospitals in Addis Ababa. We collected a total of 298 stool samples from diarrheic patients attending five private hospitals in Addis Ababa and isolated Salmonella according to standard microbiological techniques; the isolates were serotyped using slide agglutination and microplate agglutination techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Fourteen stool samples (4.7%) were positive for Salmonella, and Salmonella Kiambu was the most dominant serovar ( n = 7 , 50%) followed by S. Saintpaul ( n = 4 , 28.6%) and S. Haifa ( n = 2 , 14.3%). Three (21.4%) of the isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole and tetracycline each and 2 (14.3%) to ampicillin. Resistance to two antimicrobials was detected only in 2 (14.3%) of the isolates, and none of the isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. In conclusion, the current study showed low prevalence of NTS in diarrheic patients attending private hospitals in Addis Ababa. Although multidrug resistance to several antimicrobials was not detected in the isolates, prudent use of antimicrobials is recommended to guaranty the long-term use of the available antimicrobials.

Epidemiology, Serotype and Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from a Children’s Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2006–2021

“…The results of our report revealed higher rates of antimicrobial resistance to conventional antibiotics (ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), which were similar to the rates observed in other regions of China 15,22,23,[34][35][36] but higher than those in Vietnam, 37 Kolkata, 14 the United States and Europe, 38 and Addis Ababa. 39 Due to the high rate of resistance, first-line antibiotics are no longer used for the treatment of Salmonella infections, 12 which may be related to the declining trend of antimicrobial resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole that was observed in our study.…”

Non-typhoidal Salmonella contributes to gastrointestinal infections in Morogoro: Evidence from patients attending Morogoro regional referral hospital in Tanzania

“…Different serovars of Salmonella spp. are known to be commonly detected in a given area at different times depending on the type of serovars of Salmonella circulating in food sources in a study area [ 36 ]. In most other African countries, these serovars are the most frequently isolated from diarrheal diseases, which is confirmed by the present study’s findings.…”

Occurrence of Diarrheagenic Pathogens and Their Coinfection Profiles in Diarrheic Under Five Children and Tracked Human Contacts in Urban and Rural Settings of Eastern Ethiopia

“…However, majority of the studies conducted on diarrheagenic bacteria like; DEC, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter spp. in Ethiopia have reported only the pathogen prevalence in; diarrheic UFC 11,[19][20][21][22][23] or other age groups 24,25 and in asymptomatic food handlers in catering establishments and street food vendors 16,[26][27][28][29][30][31] as a separate entities. They do not focused on tracking of direct human contacts as source attributions for diarrhea diseases.…”