Rhodopsin 5– and Rhodopsin 6–Mediated Clock Synchronization in Drosophila melanogaster Is Independent of Retinal Phospholipase C-β Signaling

Szular, Joanna; Sehadová, Hana; Gentile, Carla; Szabo, Gisela; Chou, Wen‐Hai; Britt, Steven G.; Stanewsky, Ralf

doi:10.1177/0748730411431673

Cited by 45 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…We examined PMW in three photoreceptor mutants where signaling through the compound eye is abolished. norpA P41 is a loss of function allele in the phospholipase C-β-encoding gene norpA , a critical component in the canonical light transduction pathway2425; GMR- hid flies express the pro-apoptotic gene hid in all photoreceptor cells26; and gl 60j mutants are developmentally blind due to loss of GLASS, a transcription factor required for photoreceptor cell development27. Surprisingly, PMW was still observed in norpA P41 and GMR- hid males, yet was suppressed in gl 60j homozygotes (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ppk -Gal4 (BL32078), UAS- shi ts (BL44222), UAS- TrpA1 (BL26263), TrpA1 1 (BL26504), and gl 60j (BL509) were obtained from Bloomington stock center. The TrpA1 [SH]-Gal4, pyx 3 , cry 02 , GMR- hid, norpA P41 , pdf 01 , Clk 4.1M-LexA, UAS- spGFP1-10 and LexAop-s pGFP11 fly lines were described previously2426343942474862. Apart from gl 60j , norpA P41 and pdf 01 , all Drosophila lines used for sleep studies were outcrossed at least 5 times into an isogenic (iso31) background.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of sleep plasticity by a thermo-sensitive circuit in Drosophila

Lamaze¹,

Öztürk-Çolak

Fischer

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Sleep is a highly conserved and essential behaviour in many species, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In the wild, sensory signalling encoding environmental information must be integrated with sleep drive to ensure that sleep is not initiated during detrimental conditions. However, the molecular and circuit mechanisms by which sleep timing is modulated by the environment are unclear. Here we introduce a novel behavioural paradigm to study this issue. We show that in male fruit flies, onset of the daytime siesta is delayed by ambient temperatures above 29 °C. We term this effect Prolonged Morning Wakefulness (PMW). We show that signalling through the TrpA1 thermo-sensor is required for PMW, and that TrpA1 specifically impacts siesta onset, but not night sleep onset, in response to elevated temperatures. We identify two critical TrpA1-expressing circuits and show that both contact DN1p clock neurons, the output of which is also required for PMW. Finally, we identify the circadian blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME as a molecular regulator of PMW, and propose a model in which the Drosophila nervous system integrates information encoding temperature, light, and time to dynamically control when sleep is initiated. Our results provide a platform to investigate how environmental inputs co-ordinately regulate sleep plasticity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of sleep plasticity by a thermo-sensitive circuit in Drosophila

Lamaze¹,

Öztürk-Çolak

Fischer

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Circadian rhythms are set most robustly by light/dark cycles and control an array of behaviors including sleep, movement, feeding, and mating (Allada & Chung 2010, Mohawk et al 2012, Peschel & Helfrich-Förster 2011). Opsins in the Drosophila compound eye, ocelli, and an eyelet between the retina and optic lobes contribute to photoentrainment (Helfrich-Förster et al 2001, Klarsfeld et al 2004, Mealey-Ferrara et al 2003, Rieger et al 2003, Saint-Charles et al 2016, Szular et al 2012). Notably, light sensation by the ~150 pacemaker neurons are of particular importance in setting circadian rhythms (Nitabach & Taghert 2008).…”

Section: Extra-ocular Light-dependent Functions Of Opsinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Roles of Opsins

Leung

Montell²

2017

Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.

106

101

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Rhodopsin is the classical light sensor. While rhodopsin is important for image formation in the eye, the requirements for opsins in non-image formation and in extra-ocular light sensation were revealed later. Most recent is the demonstration that an opsin in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is expressed in pacemaker neurons in the brain and functions in circadian photoentrainment. After more than a century of analysis, the dogma has been that opsins are exclusive light sensors. Remarkably, through studies in Drosophila, light-independent roles for opsins in multiple senses are emerging. These include roles in temperature sensation and hearing. While these findings are uncovered in the fruit fly, there are hints that opsins have light-independent roles in a wide array of animals, including mammals. Thus, despite the decades of focus on opsins as light detectors, they represent an important new class of polymodal sensory receptors.

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“…The H-B eyelet is a remnant of the larval Bolwig organ, which plays a developmental role in the normal arborization of the LNvs in the medulla (Malpel et al 2002). The H-B eyelet expresses Rh6, similarly to R1-6, and is involved in light entrainment (Veleri et al 2007;Szular et al 2012;Schlichting et al 2016). The H-B eyelet makes a synaptic connection with the LNvs, communicating through acetylcholine and histamine release (HelfrichFörster et al 2002;Malpel et al 2002;Schlichting et al 2014Schlichting et al , 2016Muraro and Ceriani 2015).…”

Section: Input From the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior

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Young

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Specialized groups of neurons in the brain are key mediators of circadian rhythms, receiving daily environmental cues and communicating those signals to other tissues in the organism for entrainment and to organize circadian physiology. In Drosophila, the "circadian clock" is housed in seven neuronal clusters, which are defined by their expression of the main circadian proteins, Period, Timeless, Clock, and Cycle. These clusters are distributed across the fly brain and are thereby subject to the respective environments associated with their anatomical locations. While these core components are universally expressed in all neurons of the circadian network, additional regulatory proteins that act on these components are differentially expressed, giving rise to "local clocks" within the network that nonetheless converge to regulate coherent behavioral rhythms. In this review, we describe the communication between the neurons of the circadian network and the molecular differences within neurons of this network. We focus on differences in protein-expression patterns and discuss how such variation can impart functional differences in each local clock. Finally, we summarize our current understanding of how communication within the circadian network intersects with intracellular biochemical mechanisms to ultimately specify behavioral rhythms. We propose that additional efforts are required to identify regulatory mechanisms within each neuronal cluster to understand the molecular basis of circadian behavior. C ircadian rhythms are behavioral and physiological responses that allow anticipation of daily changes in the environment, such as day/ night cycles. Indeed, circadian rhythms are entrained by diurnal oscillations in light, temperature, and food availability, each of which can be considered a "zeitgeber," or "time giver." Such anticipatory behavior of daily events confers adaptive advantages on individuals that organize physiology around planetary rhythms, as well as within a species as a whole, for purposes of mating, cooperation, protection, etc. In a sense, rhythmic anticipation can be thought of as a primitive mechanism of planning and cognition.The circadian clock, consisting of transcriptional negative feedback loops, underlies the regulation of a ∼24-h behavioral rhythm. The molecular architecture of this feedback loop is conserved across the majority of multicellular organisms. In animals, the "master clock" is housed in specialized pacemaker neurons in the brain that coordinate various "peripheral clocks" throughout the organism to regulate daily physiological and behavioral changes.

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Rhodopsin 5– and Rhodopsin 6–Mediated Clock Synchronization in Drosophila melanogaster Is Independent of Retinal Phospholipase C-β Signaling

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Regulation of sleep plasticity by a thermo-sensitive circuit in Drosophila

Regulation of sleep plasticity by a thermo-sensitive circuit in Drosophila

Unconventional Roles of Opsins

Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior

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