<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola,</i> and <i>Tannerella forsythia:</i> the ‘red complex’, a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis

Holt, Stanley C.; Ebersole, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x

Cited by 831 publications

(797 citation statements)

References 472 publications

(717 reference statements)

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“…Three of these species, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia , and Treponema denticola , are clustered in a group known as the “red complex” (Socransky et al, 1998). This red cluster antagonizes colonization of commensal bacteria and is considered the most pathogenic periodontal complex, found in significant numbers in active and advanced periodontitis (Thurnheer et al, 2014; Holt & Ebersole, 2005). Fusobacterium nucleatum is part of the “orange complex”, which is also associated with periodontal diseases (Socransky et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex real‐time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens

Coffey

Choudhry

Shlossman

et al. 2016

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is strongly associated with certain pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a real‐time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect and quantify bacterial species associated with periodontitis. We targeted detection and relative quantification of the following five bacterial species relevant to periodontal diseases: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. The conserved regions of the genome of these species were targeted with oligos and TaqMan probes in real‐time PCR assays. The species‐specific TaqMan oligos and TaqMan probes showed no cross‐amplification, and there was no loss of amplification yield in multiplex real‐time PCR assays. All five bacterial targets were amplified analogous to the template concentrations used in these assays. This multiplex real‐time PCR strategy could potentially be used to detect the bacterial species in periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal diseases. This assay may also serve as a quick tool for profiling and quantifying bacteria relevant to periodontal diseases and likely be a valuable tool for clinical translational research.

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confidence: 99%

Multiplex real‐time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens

Coffey

Choudhry

Shlossman

et al. 2016

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…As a result, a small group of predominantly Gramnegative anaerobic bacteria and spirochetes, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola, have long been regarded as the main putative pathogens of periodontitis (Holt and Ebersole, 2005;Ertugrul et al, 2013;Fischer et al, 2013). However, more recent studies have shown that, instead of a single pathogen, periodontitis may be a poly-microbial infectious disease caused by potentially pathogenic microbial communities, in which microorganisms interact in a synergistic or cooperative manner, leading to pathogenesis (Darveau, 2010;Hajishengallis and Lamont, 2012;Griffen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

151

126

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Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis.

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“…The term "keystone" has been introduced in the ecological literature to characterize species whose effects on their communities are disproportionately large relative to their abundance and which are thought to form the "keystone" of the community"s structure. 10 The quest to identify specific periodontal pathogens has led to significant progress, including the identification of a number of candidates, mostly gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that colonize subgingival tooth sites. Foremost amongst this group are three species which comprise the so-called "red complex", are frequently isolated together, and are strongly associated with diseased sites in the mouth: Porphyromonas gingivalis (formerly known as 1118 Bacteroides gingivalis) 11 , Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia 13,14 .…”

Section: The Keystone Pathogen Hypothesis:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Models of Pathogenesis in Periodontitis.

Pereira¹,

Pai²,

Pattanshetty³

2017

IJAR

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Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia: the ‘red complex’, a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis

Cited by 831 publications

References 472 publications

Multiplex real‐time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens

Multiplex real‐time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

A Review on Models of Pathogenesis in Periodontitis.

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