Muscodor kashayumsp. nov. – a new volatile anti-microbial producing endophytic fungus

Abstract

Muscodor kashayum (MycoBank no.: MB 803800; GenBank no.: KC481680) is a newly described endophytic fungus of a medicinal plant Aegle marmelos (Bael tree), growing in the tropical conserved rainforest in the Western Ghats of India. Muscodor kashayum possesses distinct morphological, molecular and physiological features from the earlier reported Muscodor species. The fungus forms characteristic rings of the ropy mycelium on potato dextrose agar medium. This sterile fungus is characterised by the presence of a pungent smell which is attributable to a blend of more than 23 volatile organic constituents, predominantly 3-cyclohexen-1-ol,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl; 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione; 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-(1-oxopropyl) phenol; 2,4-di-tert-butylthiophenol and 4-octadecylmorpholine. In the in vitro anti-microbial assay using M. kashayum, growth of 75% of test fungi/yeasts and 72% of the test bacteria were completely inhibited. Therefore, M. Kashayum holds potential for future application to be used as a myco-fumigation agent.

The same host but a different Muscodor: A new Muscodor albus isolate from wild pineapple (Ananas ananassoides) with potential application in agriculture

“…The tree showed a monophyletic group divided into two infrageneric clades (I and II), as previously observed (Zhang et al, 2010;Meshram et al, 2013;Saxena et al, 2014). Clade I harbors the vast majority of Muscodor species and is subdivided in three subclades (Fig.…”

“…Analyses of VOCs composition demonstrated that the isolate aa3 produces naphthalene and azulene derivatives (e.g. aMuurolene and a-Guaiene), chemicals also detected among VOCs emitted by several isolates of M. albus (Atmosukarto et al, 2005;Ezra et al, 2004;Strobel et al, 2007Strobel et al, , 2001, but absent in the volatile mixtures produced by M. crispans (Mitchell et al, 2010), M. cinnamomi (Suwannarach et al, 2010), M. musae, M. oryzae (Suwannarach et al, 2013), M. kashayum (Meshram et al, 2013) and M. darjeelingensis .…”

“…Muscodor species display a sterile mycelium and produce an array of low-molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with broad antimicrobial, nematocidal and insecticidal activities (Lacey and Neven, 2006;Riga et al, 2008;Strobel, 2006). Up to date, sixteen Muscodor species have been isolated from tropical and subtropical native wild plants collected in rainforests over the world Gonz alez et al, 2009;Kudalkar et al, 2012;Meshram et al, 2014Meshram et al, , 2013Mitchell et al, 2008;Saxena et al, 2015Saxena et al, , 2014Suwannarach et al, 2013Suwannarach et al, , 2010Worapong et al, 2002Worapong et al, , 2001Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Identification and characterization of new Muscodor endophytes from gramineous plants in Xishuangbanna, China

“…Over the course of exploration of endophytic fungal resources, a total of 21 Muscodor species were recorded to date: M. albus (Worapong et al., ), M. roseus (Worapong, Strobel, Daisy, & Castillo, ), M. vitigenus (Daisy et al., ), M. crispans (Mitchel, Strobel, Hess, Vargas, & Ezra, ), M. yucatanensis (Gonzalez et al., ), M. fengyangensis (Zhang et al., ), M. cinnamomi (Suwannarach, Bussaban, Hyde, & Lumyong, ), M. sutura (Kudalkar, Strobel, Riyaz‐Ul‐Hassan, Geary, & Sears, ), M. equiseti , M. musae , M. oryzae , and M. suthepensis (Suwannaracha et al., ), M. kashayum (Meshram, Kapoor, & Saxena, ), M. darjeelingensis (Saxena, Meshram, & Kapoor, ), M. strobelii (Meshram, Saxena, & Kapoor, ), M. heveae (Siri‐udom, Suwannarach, & Lumyong, ), M. indicus and M. ghoomensis (Meshram, Gupta, & Saxena, ), M. tigerii (Meshram, Gupta, & Saxena, ), M. coffeanum (Hongsanan et al., ), and M. camphorae (Meshram, Kapoor, Chopra, & Saxena, ). In a previous study of endophytic fungi from Oryza granulata collected from Xishuangbanna, southwest China, which is an area known to contain rich fungal biodiversity, we isolated two Muscodor strains (Yuan et al., ).…”

Existence of Muscodor vitigenus, M. equiseti and M. heveae sp. nov. in leaves of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.), and their biocontrol potential

“…Recently, many novel species of the genus Muscodor (M. cinnamomi, M. equiseti, M. musae, M. oryzae, and M. suthepensis) were isolated from diverse plant hosts growing in northern Thailand (Suwannarach et al 2010;2013a). Other species of Muscodor have been isolated from tropical trees and vines in Australia, Central and South America, and Central, South and Southeast Asia (Meshram et al 2013;Suwannarach et al 2013a;Saxena et al 2015), while a previous report showed that Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis and Trichoderma were the most frequently isolated fungi from rubber trees (Gazis and Chaverri 2010). However, a diversity study of the genus Muscodor that lives in association with rubber trees has not been reported previously.…”