Existence of Muscodor vitigenus, M. equiseti and M. heveae sp. nov. in leaves of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.), and their biocontrol potential

Abstract

Existence of Muscodor vitigenus, M. equiseti and M. heveae sp. nov. in leaves of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.), and their biocontrol potential Abstract We isolated volatile metabolite-producing endophytic fungi from the leaves of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.) and studied their antimicrobial competence. A total of three isolates was obtained, and their phenotypic and phylogenetic relationship with the genus Muscodor in the family Xylariaceae was studied. All isolates could produce volatile metabolites with apparent antimicrobial activity against diverse test microbes (bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi). An isolate, RTM5IV3, with <86 % similarity with the partial ITS-5.8S rDNA gene as compared to other species of the genus Muscodor, was proposed as a novel species with the name Muscodor heveae sp. nov. Its bioactive volatile metabolites included 3-methylbutan-1-ol as a major component, followed by 3-methylbutyl acetate and azulene derivatives. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the Muscodor isolates have the potential for biological control of bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Furthermore, the VOCs of M. heveae were active against the pathogenic fungi Phellinus noxius and Rigidoporus microporus that cause root disease in the rubber tree. We concluded that rubber trees could be an alternative source for discovery of fungi that produce volatile metabolites, and the genus Muscodor could be found abundantly in this habitat.

Identification and characterization of new Muscodor endophytes from gramineous plants in Xishuangbanna, China

“…Over the course of exploration of endophytic fungal resources, a total of 21 Muscodor species were recorded to date: M. albus (Worapong et al., ), M. roseus (Worapong, Strobel, Daisy, & Castillo, ), M. vitigenus (Daisy et al., ), M. crispans (Mitchel, Strobel, Hess, Vargas, & Ezra, ), M. yucatanensis (Gonzalez et al., ), M. fengyangensis (Zhang et al., ), M. cinnamomi (Suwannarach, Bussaban, Hyde, & Lumyong, ), M. sutura (Kudalkar, Strobel, Riyaz‐Ul‐Hassan, Geary, & Sears, ), M. equiseti , M. musae , M. oryzae , and M. suthepensis (Suwannaracha et al., ), M. kashayum (Meshram, Kapoor, & Saxena, ), M. darjeelingensis (Saxena, Meshram, & Kapoor, ), M. strobelii (Meshram, Saxena, & Kapoor, ), M. heveae (Siri‐udom, Suwannarach, & Lumyong, ), M. indicus and M. ghoomensis (Meshram, Gupta, & Saxena, ), M. tigerii (Meshram, Gupta, & Saxena, ), M. coffeanum (Hongsanan et al., ), and M. camphorae (Meshram, Kapoor, Chopra, & Saxena, ). In a previous study of endophytic fungi from Oryza granulata collected from Xishuangbanna, southwest China, which is an area known to contain rich fungal biodiversity, we isolated two Muscodor strains (Yuan et al., ).…”

Natural Products as Fungicide and Their Role in Crop Protection

“…A positive mycocidal or mycostatic effect similar to the effect of endophyte's volatile emission will confirm establishment of the endophyte and its mixture as the biocontrol or antifungal agent. (Meshram et al 2013(Meshram et al , 2017Suwannarach et al 2015;Saxena et al 2015;Suwannarach et al 2010Suwannarach et al , 2012Suwannarach et al , 2013Kudalkar et al 2012;Mitchell et al 2010;Worapong et al 2002;Daisy et al 2002;Siri-udom et al 2016…”

Marvellous Muscodor spp.: Update on Their Biology and Applications

“…The VOCs produced by Muscodor cinnamomi CMU-Cib461 isolated from Cinnamomum bejolghota exhibited the potential to control tomato root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2 apart from promoting plant growth [24]. Another novel species, M. heveae, isolated from leaves of rubber tree elaborated VOCs which could effectively control root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius and Rigidisporus microspores in rubber trees [25]. Furthermore, this group exclusively tested VOCs from M. heveae against white root rot disease in rubber tree and concluded that exploitation of VOCs of M. heveae would be an alternative method for controlling this major disease [26].…”