<i>In vitro</i> susceptibility of <i>Candida species</i> to lysozyme

Tobgi, RS; Samaranayake, LP; MacFarlane, T. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1988.tb00603.x

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…were first demonstrated by Kama~a. '~ Similar studies have been conducted by Tobgi et al,96 comparing the antifungal activity of lysozyme against a battery of Candida spp. They showed that the Candida spp.…”

supporting

confidence: 49%

Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Samaranayake

1994

Journal of Medical Microbiology

168

133

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supporting

confidence: 49%

Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Samaranayake

1994

Journal of Medical Microbiology

168

133

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“…Immune system defects are a major risk factor for candidiasis. Innate defenses include the epithelial barrier and anti-candidal compounds in saliva such as lysozyme (Tobgi et al, 1988), histatins (Xu et al, 1991), lactoferrin (Nikawa et al, 1993), and calprotectin (Muller et al, 1993;Challacombe, 1994). Acquired immunity includes the production of immunoglobulins and, if tissues are penetrated, the involvement of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Challacombe, 1994).…”

Section: Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Colonization By Candida Albicans

Cannon

Chaffin

1999

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

276

193

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Candida albicans is a commensal yeast normally present in small numbers in the oral flora of a large proportion of humans. Colonization of the oral cavity by C. albicans involves the acquisition and maintenance of a stable yeast population. Micro-organisms are continually being removed from the oral cavity by host clearance mechanisms, and so, in order to survive and inhabit this eco-system, C. albicans cells have to adhere and replicate. The oral cavity presents many niches for C. albicans colonization, and the yeast is able to adhere to a plethora of ligands. These include epithelial and bacterial cell-surface molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, and dental acrylic. In addition, saliva molecules, including basic proline-rich proteins, adsorbed to many oral surfaces promote C. albicans adherence. Several adhesins present in the C. albicans cell wall have now been partially characterized. Adherence involves lectin, protein-protein, and hydrophobic interactions. As C. albicans cells evade host defenses and colonize new environments by penetrating tissues, they are exposed to new adherence receptors and respond by expressing alternative adhesins. The relatively small number of commensal Candida cells in the oral flora raises the possibility that strategies can be devised to prevent oral colonization and infection. However, the variety of oral niches and the complex adherence mechanisms of the yeast mean that such a goal will remain elusive until more is known about the contribution of each mechanism to colonization.

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“…A number of researchers including our group have investigated the in vitro fungicidal activity of lysozyme against several Candida species (14,25,41,42,44,55). These studies have demonstrated a significant dose-, time-, and strain-dependent killing effect when Candida species are exposed to lysozyme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Effects of Lysozyme and Lactoferrin against Genetically Similar, Sequential Candida albicans Isolates from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Southern Chinese Cohort

Samaranayake¹,

Samaranayake²,

Pow

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

104

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A variety of innate defense factors in saliva such as lysozyme and lactoferrin contribute to mucosal protection and modulate Candida populations in the oral cavity. It is also known that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals significant variations in the concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin in saliva occur during disease progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to human lactoferrin and hen egg white lysozyme of genotypically similar oral Candida albicans isolates obtained from six HIV-infected ethnic Chinese during sequential visits over a 12-month period. The similarity of the genotypes (50 in total) was evaluated using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay. A blastospore viability assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the organisms to lysozyme and lactoferrin. Exposure to physiological concentrations of either lysozyme (30 g/ml) or lactoferrin (20 g/ml) caused a rapid loss of viability among all isolates to a varying extent. None of the sequential C. albicans isolates demonstrated significant differences in sensitivity to either protein from one visit to the next; similar results were noted when the different genotypes from the same individual were compared. On Spearman correlation analysis of two genotypes that were sequentially isolated from a single patient, a significant negative correlation between lysozyme (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.88; P < 0.02) (but not lactoferrin) resistance and the duration of HIV disease was seen. These results imply that a minority of C. albicans isolates that persist intraorally in individuals with HIV disease develop progressive resistance to innate salivary antifungal defenses such as lysozyme, possibly as an adaptive response. However, the vast majority of the Candida isolates appear to succumb to these nonspecific host immune mediators abundantly present in the oral environment.Candida albicans is the main cause of oral candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS (13, 38). Almost 90% of AIDS patients suffer from oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis at some stage of their disease (38). As HIV infection progresses, so does the oral colonization by Candida, and it eventually becomes a permanent oral resident despite prophylactic antifungal therapy (1,36,45). With the development of DNA fingerprinting methods, it is now possible to investigate strain relatedness and emergence of novel strains of C. albicans by sequentially sampling a cohort of individuals either with or without symptomatic oral candidiasis. Several authors have shown that AIDS patients are frequently infected with the same C. albicans strains over recurrent episodes of oral thrush (5, 34, 47, 60), and others have found, for instance in Candida vaginitis, that the same yeast strain may persist through successive episodes of infection (48,49). Although these and other studies have traced the yeast genotypes over multiple infection episodes (29,36,45), not many have investigated the phenotypic attr...

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In vitro susceptibility of Candida species to lysozyme

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Oral Colonization By Candida Albicans

Antifungal Effects of Lysozyme and Lactoferrin against Genetically Similar, Sequential Candida albicans Isolates from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Southern Chinese Cohort

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