Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Samaranayake, Y. H.; Samaranayake, LP

doi:10.1099/00222615-41-5-295

Cited by 166 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…This finding implies that the pattern of mycological shift from C. albicans to non-albicans Candida species is universal in both the western (Fidel et al, 1999) and Asian populations. There was only one strain of C. krusei isolated in this study; this species is isolated infrequently from vaginitis patient populations, as reported in earlier studies (Samaranayake & Samaranayake, 1994), but is emerging as an important cause of candidaemia in immunocompromised hosts that receive azole antifungal prophylaxis. Both C. glabrata and C. krusei are known to be inherently less resistant to azole drugs; another ongoing study in our laboratory is focused on the in vitro drug susceptibilities of these isolates.…”

Section: Discussion Prevalence Of Different Candida Speciesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Genetic relatedness of Candida strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Malaysia

Chong

Lee

Tan

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The aims of this study were to compare the genetic relatedness of: (i) sequential and single isolates of Candida strains from women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis (RVC); and (ii) Candida strains from women who had only one episode of infection within a 1-year period. In total, 87 isolates from 71 patients were cultured, speciated and genotyped by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Patients were categorized into three groups, namely those with: (i) a history of RVC from whom two or more yeast isolates were obtained (group A); (ii) a history of RVC from whom only a single isolate was obtained (group B); and (iii) a single episode of vaginal candidiasis within a 1-year period (group C). Six yeast species were detected: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida famata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. Interestingly, the prevalence of non-albicans species was higher in group A patients (50 %) than in patients in groups B (36 %) or C (18·9 %). Eighty RAPD profiles were observed, with a total of 61 polymorphic PCR fragments of distinct sizes. Clustering analysis showed that, overall, the majority of patients in group A had recurrent infections caused by highly similar, but not identical, sequential strains [mean pairwise similarity coefficient (S AB ) ¼ 0·721 AE 0·308]. The range of mean S AB values for intergroup comparisons for C. albicans isolates alone was 0·50-0·56, suggesting that there was no significant relatedness between strains from different groups. Genetic similarity of C. albicans isolates from patients in group A was lower than that of C. albicans isolates from patients in group C (mean S AB ¼ 0·532 AE 0·249 and 0·636 AE 0·206, respectively); this difference was statistically significant (P ¼ 0·036). These results demonstrate that the cause of recurrent infections varies among individuals and ranges between strain maintenance, strain microevolution and strain replacement; the major scenario is strain maintenance with microevolution. They also show that C. albicans strains that cause recurrent infections are less similar to each other than strains that cause one-off infections, suggesting that the former may represent more virulent subtypes.

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Section: Discussion Prevalence Of Different Candida Speciesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Genetic relatedness of Candida strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Malaysia

Chong

Lee

Tan

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that C. krusei has a higher initial rate of colonization, perhaps because of C. krusei's very high cell surface hydrophobicity and resultant adherence to acrylic surfaces. 7 In addition, biofilm formation and coaggregation effects allow competing microorganisms to maximize the colonization surface area in an environment that is highly competitive for space and nutrients. 23 To date, most previous studies have focused on analyzing biofilm formation by counting CFU/mL; however, Seneviratne et al 10 suggest that biofilm development results should be analyzed by more than one method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 C. krusei is an emerging pathogen, described as a systemic pathogen in patients with compromised host resistance, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 7 A major attribute of the Candida genus virulence is its ability to form surface-attached microbial communities known as biofilms. 8,9 In general, biofilm development evolves according to four sequential steps: first, adhesion of microorganisms to a surface; second, discrete colony formation and organization of cells; third, secretion of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and maturation into a three-dimensional structure; and, fourth, dissemination of progeny biofilm cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions

et al. 2016

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Most Candida infections are related to microbial biofilms often formed by the association of different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Candida albicans and non-albicans species in biofilms formed in vitro. The nonalbicans species studied were: Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. Single and mixed biofilms (formed by clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species) were developed from standardized suspensions of each strain (10 7 cells/mL), on flat-bottom 96-well microtiter plates for 48 hour. These biofilms were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) in Candida HiChrome agar and by determining cell viability, using the XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide colorimetric assay. The results for both the CFU/mL count and the XTT colorimetric assay showed that all the species studied were capable of forming high levels of in vitro biofilm. The number of CFU/mL and the metabolic activity of C. albicans were reduced in mixed biofilms with non-albicans species, as compared with a single C. albicans biofilm. Among the species tested, C. krusei exerted the highest inhibitory action against C. albicans. In conclusion, C. albicans established antagonistic interactions with non-albicans Candida species in mixed biofilms.

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“…Candida krusei, the probable anamorph (asexual form) of Issatchenkia orientalis (Barnett et al, 2000), is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, which is characterized by a high level of resistance to fluconazole, and increasingly also to amphotericin B (Samaranayake & Samaranayake, 1994 ;Rex et al, 2000). The low but increasing incidence of nosocomial C. krusei bloodstream infections, particularly in intensive care units and among neutropenic patients, together with the poor prognosis of these patients (Abbas et al, 2000), underscore the need for molecular epidemiological tools to trace potential sources of C. krusei fungemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly polymorphic degenerate microsatellite for molecular strain typing of Candida krusei The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AF326279–AF326292.

Shemer¹,

Weissman²,

Hashman³

et al. 2001

Microbiology

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Simple sequence repeats, due to their high variability, are widely used for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic micro-organisms. However, their usefulness is restricted by their high instability and low information content. Here, a locus, CKTNR, in the fungal pathogen Candida krusei is described which displays considerable sequence, as well as length, heterogeneity. Alleles of this locus, which contains a degenerate trinucleotide repeat, appear to be stable. The CKTNR polymorphism could serve as the basis for a molecular typing system of C. krusei. Furthermore, analysis of the CKTNR allele distribution suggested that C. krusei reproduces mainly clonally.

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Candida krusei: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of an emerging pathogen

Cited by 166 publications

References 117 publications

Genetic relatedness of Candida strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Malaysia

Genetic relatedness of Candida strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Malaysia

Mixed biofilms formed by C. albicans and non-albicans species: a study of microbial interactions

A highly polymorphic degenerate microsatellite for molecular strain typing of Candida krusei The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AF326279–AF326292.

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