In vitro Interaction between Fumonisin B₁ and the Intestinal Microflora of Pigs

Abstract

The caecal chyme of pigs was incubated anaerobically in McDougall buffer with and without fumonisin B1 (5 µg/ml) for 0, 24 and 48 h. The plate count agar technique was applied for the enumerating amount of bacteria including aerobic, anaerobic bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sp. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also performed to estimate the number of copies of the total bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Prevotella. No significant differences in the amount of bacteria groups between the experimental (buffer, chyme, and fumonisin B1) and control 1 groups (buffer + chyme) were observed in both methods. Fumonisin B1 and hydrolysed fumonisin B1 concentration were analysed by liquid chromatograghy – mass spectrometry. There was no significant difference in FB1 concentration between the experimental and the control 2 group (buffer and fumonisin B1) at 0 h incubation, 5.185 ±0.174 µg/ml compared with 6.433 ±0.076 µg/ml. Fumonisin B1 concentration in the experimental group was reduced to 4.080 ±0.065 µg/ml at 24 h and to 2.747 ±0.548 µg/ml at 48 h incubation and was significantly less than that of in the control group. Hydrolysed fumonisin B1 was detected after 24 h incubation (0.012 ±0 µg/ml). At 48 h incubation time, hydrolysed fumonisin B1 concentration was doubled to 0.024 ±0.004 µg/ml. These results indicate that fumonisin B1 can be metabolised by caecal microbiota in pigs though the number of studied bacteria did not change.

Efficacy of Fumonisin Esterase in Piglets as Animal Model for Fumonisin Detoxification in Humans: Pilot Study Comparing Intraoral to Intragastric Administration

“…Such microbial hydrolysis was also detected in this study, as levels of pHFB1a and pHFB1b were measured in both the serum and faecal samples in the placebo group (no enzyme administered). Even though most studies report a predominant formation of partially hydrolysed metabolites [19,41], HFB1 was equally observed at low concentrations in the placebo group where exclusively FB1 was administered, suggesting further degradation of the partially hydrolysed forms, most likely due to activity of the bacterial microbiota [51]. Furthermore, these findings were reflected in the serum in our study, where HFB1 levels were also observed in the placebo group.…”

Fumonisin-Exposure Impairs Age-Related Ecological Succession of Bacterial Species in Weaned Pig Gut Microbiota

“…One hypothesis to explain the constraint effect of FB1 on piglet fecal microbiota would be an intrinsic antimicrobial effect of mycotoxin. The addition of FB1 to in vitro incubation of cecal chime decreased the anaerobic bacteria, whereas Lactobacillus and total bacteria increased [ 15 ]. In contrast, 20 years ago, Becker et al [ 33 ] used culture techniques and observed no inhibition of bacterial growth including Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus johnsoni , Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri .…”

“…The effect of mycotoxins on the intestinal microbiota is gaining interest [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Nevertheless, the effect of mycotoxins, especially FB1 on the intestinal microbiota is poorly documented [ 14 , 15 ]. The aim of this work was to study the impact of adding FB1 (12 mg/kg) in the diet of piglets on their fecal microbiota during a four-week period of time using high throughput Illumina MiSeq 16S V3–V4 amplicon sequencing.…”

Mycotoxin Biomarkers of Exposure: A Comprehensive Review

“…The percentage of FB1 converted to pHFB1 was 46% and 49% after 48 and 72 hr of incubation, respectively. Also, a small amount of HFB1 was observed (Dang et al., ).…”