<i>In vitro</i> assessment of water resistance of sun care products: a reproducible and optimized <i>in vitro</i> test method

Pissavini, M.; Alard, V.; Heinrich, Ulrike; Jenni, Klaus; Perier, V.; Tournier, V.; Lutz, D.; Meloni, Maria Antonia; Kockott, D.; Ferrero, L.; González, Blanca Inés Soriano; Zastrow, L.; Tronnier, H

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00407.x

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A clear advantage or disadvantage of our in vitro SPF method compared with the in vitro method of Pissavini et al . or Hagens et al . cannot be stated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the contact angle was after a sunscreen product application, the higher was the chance that the tested sunscreen was water resistant. Good correlation of in vivo and in vitro data was shown in three publications, which all came out in 2007 . Despite of the promising correlations in all three methods, a scatter in data was found which cannot be neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The goal of Pissavini et al . was not to estimate in vivo results by their in vitro test. So, they did not provide the predictive power of their method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chances and limits of an improved method to assess water resistance of cosmetic sunscreen products in vitro on polymethylmethacrylate plates

Bielfeldt¹,

Röck²,

Wilhelm

2012

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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While sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection are the most important determinants of a cosmetic sunscreen product, water resistance is the third important feature. The Colipa in vivo method is the internationally accepted standard method to assess water resistance. It is time-consuming and expensive. A screening method to quickly predict water resistance properties on low cost therefore is a specific request of product developers. Several in vitro screening methods are published but the predictive power of all these methods is limited. In this paper, we describe an adaptation of the in vitro UVA protection method of Colipa for a water resistance screening. Although the method is quick and most parts are standardized and approved by Colipa, the results were not in advantage of other published screening methods. Taking into account, the scatter of the results, seven of 16 sunscreen products that were developed as water resistant formulations could be unambiguously estimated to be water resistant by the in vivo water resistance screening method on five subjects while nine failed. In 10 of these 16 results, the in vitro SPF-based method was in accordance with in vivo findings, whereas in six cases, the method was not predicting correctly. Based on these results, the authors recommend to use the in vitro screening methods to pre-select from candidates which cannot all be tested in vivo. The pre-selected products can be screened in the Colipa in vivo water resistance method with a reduced number of volunteers (usually 5) to predict water resistance. In case, the water resistance estimated in such an in vivo screening is found at about 65% or higher the study can be deemed successful and completed with further subjects to fulfil the Colipa requirements.

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“…A clear advantage or disadvantage of our in vitro SPF method compared with the in vitro method of Pissavini et al . or Hagens et al . cannot be stated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Chances and limits of an improved method to assess water resistance of cosmetic sunscreen products in vitro on polymethylmethacrylate plates

Bielfeldt¹,

Röck²,

Wilhelm

2012

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…The exposure of UV solar radiation to Human body fabricates harmful effects on the skin, including sunburn, photoaging,[46] cutaneous malignancies,[47] local immunosuppression[48] and damage DNA. [4950] Although there are few methods are available by which persons protected themselves against the sun, evidence from paintings counsels that clothes to cover the body; veils and large brim hats were used by ancient Greeks, and umbrellas were used in aged Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India.…”

Section: In Vitro Determinations Of Skin Care Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro techniques to assess the proficiency of skin care cosmetic formulations

Roy¹,

Sahu²,

Matlam³

et al. 2013

Phcog Rev

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Cosmetics comprising either natural or synthetic components are used almost regularly and universally in different forms to enhance the beauty. The utmost disclosure of human membrane to sunlight and environmental pollution results in the exhibition of free radical, that react with deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins and fatty acids, causation oxidative destruction dysfunction of the antioxidant system. In skin, the formation of reactive oxygen species leads to skin diseases, predominantly cutaneous malignancies, immunosuppression, wrinkles, aging, etc., The human organism fosters a barrier practice against the destructive action of free radicals, comprising mostly of vitamins, carotenoids and enzymes. Cosmetic products are the best option to reduce skin disorders such as hyper pigmentation, skin aging, skin wrinkling and rough skin texture, etc., Hence in this review, we conferred various in vitro methods that are used for the development of novel cosmetic formulation. There is an expanding fascinate employing in vitro techniques because they are less time consuming, more cost-effective and lessen the participation of human volunteers.

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“…This provides the opportunity to formulate sunscreens with improved water resistance [11] . Fortunately, processes have been developed that allow the validated measurement of water resistance of a sunscreen in vivo, whereas the in vitro procedures currently available are only able to deliver rather rough estimates of water resistance [12][13][14][15] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Liposomal Sunscreen Formulations against Plain Water as well as Salt Water Exposure and Perspiration

Körting

Schöllmann²

2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The present in vivo investigation using a total of 30 healthy adult volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin type II examines the persistent efficacy of sunscreens using liposomal suspensions as the vehicle. Based on the COLIPA guidelines, the protective effect of a single application of 4 different liposomal sunscreen formulations (sun protection factors, SPFs: 50+, 30, 25 and 15) against sunburn at the recommended amount of 2 mg/cm² was determined after exposure of the skin to plain water and salt water and after profuse perspiration. Under the influence of plain water, salt water and sweating, the SPF values of sunscreen 1 (labeled SPF of 50+) were reduced only marginally to 97, 96 and 99%, respectively, those of sunscreen 2 (labeled SPF of 30) to 97, 96 and 99%, respectively, those of sunscreen 3 (labeled SPF of 25) to 90, 83 and 91%, respectively, and those of sunscreen 4 (labeled SPF of 15) to 96, 96 and 95%, respectively. This set of data shows that despite plain water and salt water immersion or profuse sweating, the liposomal sunscreen formulation may deliver a long-lasting protective effect in everyday situations encountered by outdoor workers or during leisure activities.

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In vitro assessment of water resistance of sun care products: a reproducible and optimized in vitro test method

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Chances and limits of an improved method to assess water resistance of cosmetic sunscreen products in vitro on polymethylmethacrylate plates

Chances and limits of an improved method to assess water resistance of cosmetic sunscreen products in vitro on polymethylmethacrylate plates

In vitro techniques to assess the proficiency of skin care cosmetic formulations

Resistance of Liposomal Sunscreen Formulations against Plain Water as well as Salt Water Exposure and Perspiration

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