In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolism of the Radiolytic Compound 2‐Dodecylcyclobutanone

Abstract

Our knowledge about the metabolism of alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) is limited, and the lack of literature on the metabolism of 2-ACBs causes consumers to doubt the safety of irradiated foods. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the metabolism of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and identify any possible metabolite. The 2-DCB was mixed with rat S9 (postmitochondrial supernatant fraction) and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and incubated for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Then, the incubation mixture was mixed with sodium sulfate and extracted with n-hexane by using a Soxhlet apparatus. The hexane extract was concentrated under nitrogen and injected into the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) machine running in selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) to measure 2-DCB concentration. The hexane extract from the in vitro and in vivo studies was also derivatized with a silylation reagent and injected into a GC-MS running in full scan mode. The average percentage of 2-DCB recovered from the test incubations was 23%, compared with 50% from the controls. The GC-MS chromatograms of the derivatized samples showed a unique peak in the in vitro test incubations and in the hexane extract of the rat feces that were given 2-DCB. This peak was later identified as 2-doecylcyclobutanol.

Validation of an alternative method for the identification of 2‐dodecylcyclebutanone (2‐DCB) of irradiated meats by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)

“…For this reason, ACBs can be used as chemical markers of irradiated lipid-containing foods. Several studies have been written on the toxicity of 2-ACBs reporting, through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, their cyto-and geno-toxicity (Marchioni et al, 2004;Hartwig et al, 2007;Hijaz et al, 2010;Song et al, 2018). In a normal diet, the intake of 2-DCB by humans, following consumption of irradiated foods, appears to be negligible due to the low percentage of irradiated food present at international market and the application of rigorous controls on radiation dose level according to national and international standards.…”