In vitro and in vivo advancement of multifunctional electrospun nanofiber scaffolds in wound healing applications: Innovative nanofiber designs, stem cell approaches, and future perspectives

Abstract

The skin is one of the most essential tissues in the human body, interacting with the outside environment and shielding the body from diseases and excessive water loss. Hydrogels, decellularized porcine dermal matrix, and lyophilized polymer scaffolds have all been used in studies of skin wound repair, wound dressing, and skin tissue engineering, however, these materials cannot replicate the nanofibrous architecture of the skin's native extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun nanofibers are a fascinating new form of nanomaterials with tremendous potential across a broad spectrum of applications in the biomedical field, including wound dressings, wound healing scaffolds, regenerative medicine, bioengineering of skin tissue, and multifaceted drug delivery. This article reviews recent in vitro and in vivo developments in multifunctional electrospun nanofibers (MENs) for wound healing. This review begins with an introduction to the electrospinning process, its principle, and the processing parameters which have a significant impact on the nanofiber properties. It then discusses the various geometries and advantages of MEN scaffolds produced by different innovative electrospinning techniques for wound healing applications when used in combination with stem cells. This review also discusses some of the possible future nanofiber‐based models that could be used. Finally, we conclude with potential perspectives and conclusions in this area.

Electrospun hybrid nanofibers: Fabrication, characterization, and biomedical applications

“…Where skin autografting is not possible, allografts or porcine xenografts are used, which are highly likely to reject the graft. Dermal cell or stem cell transplantation via electrospun dressings is a promising strategy for treating severe wounds ( Gizaw et al, 2019 ; Behere and Ingavle, 2022 ). Different synthetic and natural polymers can be used to fabricate nanofiber-based scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration.…”

“…Different synthetic and natural polymers can be used to fabricate nanofiber-based scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration. In view of low cell attachment, proliferation, or infiltration in using only synthetic polymers, copolymerizations and blending with other hydrophilic polymers, especially combining with the skin tissue components − such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin—is highly recommended ( Behere and Ingavle, 2022 ). For instance, in a recent study, Mirzaei-Parsa et al (2019) developed nanofiber-based scaffolds for adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a wound dressing by electrospinning of PCL/fibrinogen.…”

Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases

“…The transfection percentage of the nanocomplex to the HaCaT cells was greater than 40%. The electrospun nanofiber was advantageous for wound healing due to its biocompatibility and close skin coverage [ 155 ]. In vivo, topical treatments of the nanocomplex-loaded electrospun nanofiber on the mouse wound increased the epidermal thickness and angiogenesis as compared with the commercial dressing control.…”

Synthesis of Chitosan-Based Gold Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Wound-Healing Activities

“…Wound healing is characterized by a variety of reactions that include inflammatory, tissue-regenerating, and tissue-remodeling processes [ 35 ]. Wound dressings are biomaterials of synthetic or natural origin that aid in wound healing by establishing a favorable microenvironment, which attracts cells to the wound region [ 36 ]. In this work, an accurately designed synthesis of chitosan-based hybrid AuNPs based on this green and simple synthetic strategy, followed by accurate physicochemical characterization, will be described.…”