Electrospun hybrid nanofibers: Fabrication, characterization, and biomedical applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies available today, holding tremendous potential for biomedical and healthcare applications. In this field, there is an increasing interest in the use of polymeric micro/nanofibers for the construction of biomedical structures. Due to its potential applications in various fields like pharmaceutics and biomedicine, the electrospinning process has gained considerable attention for producing nano-sized fibers. Electrospun nanofiber membranes have been used in drug delivery, controlled drug release, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, biosensing, stent coating, implants, cosmetics, facial masks, and theranostics. Various natural and synthetic polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers. Although biopolymers demonstrate exciting properties such as good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, they possess poor mechanical properties. Hybrid nanofibers from bio and synthetic nanofibers combine the characteristics of biopolymers with those of synthetic polymers, such as high mechanical strength and stability. In addition, a variety of functional agents, such as nanoparticles and biomolecules, can be incorporated into nanofibers to create multifunctional hybrid nanofibers. Due to the remarkable properties of hybrid nanofibers, the latest research on the unique properties of hybrid nanofibers is highlighted in this study. Moreover, various established hybrid nanofiber fabrication techniques, especially the electrospinning-based methods, as well as emerging strategies for the characterization of hybrid nanofibers, are summarized. Finally, the development and application of electrospun hybrid nanofibers in biomedical applications are discussed.

Fast and convenient delivery of fluidextracts liquorice through electrospun core-shell nanohybrids

“…The EHDA processes mainly take advantage of the quick and simple interactions between the electrostatic energy and working fluids, by which the solvents can be repelled ( Abadi et al, 2022 ; Sivan et al, 2022a ; Chen et al, 2022 ; Han et al, 2022 ; Yao et al, 2023 ). Thus, to prepare solid products, first and foremost the solvents must be removed all at once during the working processes.…”

“…The EHDA processes mainly take advantage of the quick and simple interactions between the electrostatic energy and working fluids, by which the solvents can be repelled (Abadi et al, 2022; Sivan Thus, to prepare solid products, first and foremost the solvents must be removed all at once during the working processes. Correspondingly, the success or failure of an electrospinning process is often evaluated by the electrospinnability of the working fluid (Sivan et al, 2022b;Huang et al, 2022;Krysiak and Stachewicz, 2022;Lu et al, 2023).…”

Recent Progress in Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Developing Physiological In Vitro Organ/Tissue Models

“…Each polymer in the process contributes its specific characteristics, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, or drug release capabilities, to the final composite NFM, facilitating the creation of NFMs with tailored properties and functionalities through the selection of appropriate polymer combinations. [ 13 ] However, in this technique, challenges such as ensuring a uniform distribution of the different polymer phases and compatibility between the polymer solutions during electrospinning need to be carefully addressed. [ 59 ]…”

“…Additionally, the NFM has a physiological level of stiffness in the range of kPa to MPa, [11,12] as well as high porosity and microscale thickness which offer a highly permeable microenvironment that promotes the diffusion of nutrients/gas surrounding the cells. [13] A major concern in the utilization of the NFM as a cell culture platform would be a realization of its structural features to provide a structural microenvironment. Over several years, remarkable progress has been made in the development of NFM fabrication techniques to achieve various structures of NFMs, such as microstructured NFM and macrostructure-formed NFM.…”

A Photothermal Therapy Study Based on Electrospinning Nanofibers Blended and Coated with Polydopamine Nanoparticles

“…Another example, natural polymers (chitosan, cellulose, silk, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, starch, et al.) and some synthetic polymers (PVA, PLA, PCL, PU) possess the bio‐based characteristics of non‐toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity [9] . Therefore, polymer‐based electrospun nanofibers (ESNF) could have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine [10–13] .…”