<i>Fusarium</i>
            toxins in wheat harvested during six years in an area of southwest Germany

Müller, Hans‐Martin; Reimann, Jens; Schumacher, Uwe; Schwadorf, Klaus

doi:10.1002/(sici)(1997)5:1<24::aid-nt4>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 93 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…DON content was in the range from 15 to 965 µg/kg in white flour and from 15 to 1379 µg/kg in wholegrain flour (Schollenberger et al 2002). These results are in good agreement with the earlier German study (Müller et al 1997(Müller et al , 2001, in which the number of DON positive cereals was in the range from 83% to 96%. An extensive survey focused on trichothecene mycotoxins in cereal grains was recently conducted in Croatia (Sokolovic & Šimpraga 2005).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals harvested in the Czech Republic

Hajšlová¹,

Lancová²,

Sehnalová³

et al. 2007

Czech J. Food Sci.

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A large-scale survey of the natural occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in major cereals harvested in the Czech Republic was conducted during the years 1999–2001. In total, 198 cereal samples representing various wheat, barley, and rye cultivars were examined for deoxynivalenol (DON) using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Four years later, in 2005, the list of target analytes was fairly extended, 65 wheat and barley samples were analysed for seven trichothecene mycotoxins – deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (Fus-X), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADONs), HT-2 toxin (HT-2). and T-2 toxin (T-2) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Trichothecenes represented mainly by DON were detected in almost all grain samples, its mean levels were the highest in the year 1999 which was characterised by very humid conditions during the growing season. The maximum concentration set in Commission Regulation EC (No. 856/2005) for DON (1250 µg/kg) in unprocessed cereals was exceeded only in two of all the samples analysed.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals harvested in the Czech Republic

Hajšlová¹,

Lancová²,

Sehnalová³

et al. 2007

Czech J. Food Sci.

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“…In Norway, 22% and 5% of barley samples were positive for HT-2 and T-2, with a mean concentration in positive samples of 73 and 85 µg kg -1 (Langseth and Rundberget, 1999). The incidence of these toxins during five years in an area of southwest Germany varied between 0 and 9% and 2 and 29%, respectively, with mean contents at 8 -288 and 2 -305 µg kg -1 , respectively (Müller, Reimann, Schumacher and Schwadorf, 1997). A high incidence for HT-2 and T-2 (34% and 14%) was found in barley samples from Lithuania, with a mean concentration in the positive samples of 41 and 40 µg kg -1 , respectively (Keblys, Flaoyen and Langseth, 2000).…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley samples by GC–MS

2011

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“…In fact, F. langsethiae has supplanted other species of Fusarium in the barley fi elds (8,9). F. langsethiae has been implicated in the production of high levels of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals in Norway and other European countries (6,(10)(11)(12). Contaminated barley causes problems during beer production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of T-2 Toxin in Fusarium Langsethiae and Geotrichum Candidum Co-Culture / Kontrola Toksina T-2 U Kokulturi Fusarium Langsethiae I Geotrichum Candidum

Gastélum-Martínez

Compant

Taillandier

et al. 2012

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Due to contamination of barley grains by Fusarium langsethiae, T-2 toxin can be present in the brewing process. It has been observed that the presence of the yeast Geotrichum candidum during malting can reduce the fi nal concentration of this mycotoxin in beer. In this work, a co-culture method was carried out for both microorganisms in order to evaluate the effect on T-2 mycotoxin concentration in comparison with the pure culture of F. langsethiae in the same conditions. The microbial growth of both microorganisms was assessed using three different methods: dry weight, DOPE-FISH, and DNA quantifi cation. In coculture, both microorganisms globally developed less than in pure cultures but G. candidum showed a better growth than F. langsethiae. The concentration of T-2 was reduced by 93 % compared to the pure culture. Hence, the interaction between G. candidum and F. langsethiae led to a drastic mycotoxin reduction despite the only partial inhibition of fungal growth.

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Fusarium toxins in wheat harvested during six years in an area of southwest Germany

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals harvested in the Czech Republic

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals harvested in the Czech Republic

Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley samples by GC–MS

Control of T-2 Toxin in Fusarium Langsethiae and Geotrichum Candidum Co-Culture / Kontrola Toksina T-2 U Kokulturi Fusarium Langsethiae I Geotrichum Candidum

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