Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley samples by GC–MS

Ibáñez-Vea, María; Lizarraga, Elena; González-Peñas, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.03.004

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While these methods provide sensitive and accurate results, the polar compounds require derivatization prior to GC separation, which is often a lengthy exercise (Schothorst and Jekel, 2001;Cervero et al, 2007). Derivatising agents that have been used include anhydrides of trifluoroacetic acid (Kotal et al, 1999), heptafluorobutyric acid (Scott and Trucksess, 1997) and pentafluoropropionic acid Cano-Sancho et al, 2010;Ibañez-Vea at al., 2011). Schothorst and Jekel (2001) as well as Leblanc et al (2005) applied trimethylsilylation for type A trichothecenes and reported durations from 15 minutes to 2 hours for the derivatization procedure.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed

2011

EFSA Journal

269

102

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T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin are mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to human and animal health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed. A total of 20,519 results for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in food, feed and unprocessed grains, collected in 2005-2010 from 22 European countries, were used in the evaluation. The highest mean concentrations for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins were observed in grains and grain milling products, notably in oats and oat products. Grains and grain-based foods, in particular bread, fine bakery wares, grain milling products, and breakfast cereals, made the largest contribution to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin exposure for humans. T-2 toxin is rapidly metabolised to a large number of products, HT-2 toxin being a major metabolite. Pigs are amongst the most sensitive animals towards the effects of T-2 toxin, the most sensitive endpoints being immunological or haematological effects. Using these data and a benchmark dose analysis the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain established a group tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 100 ng/kg b.w. for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Estimates of chronic human dietary exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins based on the available occurrence data are below the TDI for populations of all age groups, and thus not a health concern. For ruminants, rabbits and farmed fish the estimated exposures to the sum of these toxins based on the available occurrence data are considered unlikely to be a health concern, while for pigs, poultry, dogs and horses the risk of adverse health effects is low. For cats the health risk from the exposure to T-2 and HT-2 toxins cannot be assessed.

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Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed

2011

EFSA Journal

269

102

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“…Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species growing on many agricultural commodities and processed food (Ibáñez-Vea et al 2011). Trichothecenes are one of the most important families of mycotoxins due to their toxicity and worldwide prevalence, and constitute a large family of chemically related mycotoxins mainly produced by various species of fungi including Fusarium, Myrotecium, Trichoderma, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, Stachybotrys and Trichothecium roseum (He et al 2010;Meneely et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these methods were developed for cereal grain such as wheat, barley, oat, maize, rice and their derived products (i.e. bread, malt and beer) (Ibáñez-Vea et al 2011), and potato tubers (Xue et al 2014). No reports were found for the determination of trichothecenes in core rot in the pulp tissue of apple fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method of analysis for T-2 toxin and neosolaniol by UPLC-MS/MS in apple fruit inoculated withTrichothecium roseum

Tang¹,

Xue²,

Bi³

et al. 2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Trichothecenes are one of the most important groups of mycotoxins produced by Trichothecium roseum, which causes core rot of apple. A reliable and sensitive method was developed and successfully applied for the rapid detection of trichothecenes including T-2 toxin and neosolaniol in harvested apple using UPLC-MS/MS. After the extraction of the two mycotoxins from the apple matrix with methanol/water (80/20, v/v), the concentrated extracts were cleaned-up by PriboFast M270 columns and then analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. T-2 toxin and neosolaniol were effectively separated as unique peaks. The validity of this method was established by its linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9995), precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 3.6%), accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection of 2-5 μg kg(-1), limit of quantification of 5-10 μg kg(-1) and average recovery of 73-96%. Levels of T-2 toxin were found in the range 7.1-128.4 µg kg(-1) in the core rot lesion of three cultivars apple (cvs. Red Delicious, Fuji and Ralls). T-2 was detected not only in the lesion, but also in the tissue without any disease symptoms. However, neosolaniol was only detected in the lesion on 'Red Delicious' apples. In addition, the concentration of T-2 toxin in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Fuji) was significantly higher than that in the resistant one (cv. Ralls). This method proved to be suitable at detecting T-2 and neosolaniol simultaneously in apples infected with T. roseum.

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“…They allow for the analysis of a number of compounds in a single operation, as well as decrease the cost of analysis. Therefore, a large number of multi-residue analytical methods have been established for the determination of carbamate insecticides and mycotoxins since the 1980s [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Especially in recent years, many liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of multi-class mycotoxins in food [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of carbamate insecticides and mycotoxins in cereals by reversed phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction procedure

Zhang

2013

Journal of Chromatography B

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Simultaneous determination of type-A and type-B trichothecenes in barley samples by GC–MS

Abstract: trichothecenes were present in 41% of the samples and so, the mycotoxin cooccurrence, and therefore synergic or additive effects, should be taking into account when determining permitted levels or risk assessment.

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed

A method of analysis for T-2 toxin and neosolaniol by UPLC-MS/MS in apple fruit inoculated withTrichothecium roseum

Simultaneous determination of carbamate insecticides and mycotoxins in cereals by reversed phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction procedure

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