ENOD40Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (Nod−Myc−) Mutant,Masym3, ofMelilotus albaDesr.

Lee, Angie; Lum, Michelle R.; Hirsch, Ann M.

doi:10.4161/psb.2.1.3734

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, cytokinin‐induced primordia formation is dependent on NIN , NSP1 , NSP2 and LHK1 (Heckmann et al ). Interestingly, cytokinin treatment alone can elicit expression of some nodulin genes, such as Early nodulin 40 (ENOD40 ), NIN , NSP1 and NSP2 in alfalfa, M. truncatula and L. japonicus (Hirsch et al ; Fang and Hirsch ; Gonzalez‐Rizzo et al ; Lee et al ; Heckmann et al ; Plet et al ), which behaves as a NFs treatment (van Zeijl et al ).…”

Section: Cytokininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Liu

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

JIPB

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Leguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen-fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbiosis. Cytokinin, strigolactones (SLs) and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.

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Section: Cytokininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Liu

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

JIPB

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“…In an analysis of the cytokinin responsiveness of a non-nodulating (Nod -), non-mycorrhizal (Myc -) M. alba mutant, Masym3, we observed that this mutant, which underwent root hair tip swellings (Has + ) upon inoculation with Rm1021, exhibited the same response to a strain that was Nod -(ΔnodD1ABC) and pTZS + (carrying a transzeatin synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens 33 ). 34 In this report, we ask the question whether the Has + phenotype is correlated with an upregulation of MaEXPA1 in Masym3 root tissues. Because we had earlier found that the plant hormone cytokinin upregulates genes, such as MaENOD40, which serve as early markers for nodule development in both wild-type and Masym3 root tissues, we proposed that cytokinin is a signal for inducing gene expression that is downstream of Nod Factor perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because we had earlier found that the plant hormone cytokinin upregulates genes, such as MaENOD40, which serve as early markers for nodule development in both wild-type and Masym3 root tissues, we proposed that cytokinin is a signal for inducing gene expression that is downstream of Nod Factor perception. 34 We also address the question as to whether expansin gene expression can serve as an additional marker for studying the nodulation pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin induces expansin gene expression inMelilotus albaDesr. wild-type and the non-nodulating, non-mycorrhizal (Nod^-Myc^-) mutant Masym3

Lee

Giordano

Hirsch

2008

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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We previously showed that applying 10(-6) M of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to uninoculated roots of Masym3, a Nod(-)Myc(-)Melilotus alba (Desr.) mutant, resulted in the accumulation of MaENOD40 transcripts to levels similar to BAP-treated wild-type roots. In contrast, inoculation with a Nod(-)S. meliloti mutant expressing the trans-zeatin synthase gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Nod(-)/pTZS(+)) did not induce MaENOD40 transcript accumulation in either wild-type or Masym3 roots. However, Masym3 root hairs became swollen at their tips following inoculation with wild-type or Nod(-)/pTZS(+) rhizobia. Because root hair distention and elongation are often correlated with increased expansin activity, we investigated whether BAP treatment or inoculation with Nod(-)/pTZS(+)S. meliloti upregulated the expression of expansin mRNAs. We first determined that treating wild-type roots with 10(-5) or 10(-6) M BAP resulted in greater MaEXPA1 transcript accumulation than treating roots with comparable concentrations of the auxin NAA. When Masym3 roots were treated with 10(-6) M BAP, MaEXPA mRNAs accumulated to levels comparable to wild-type roots. We then showed that MaEXPA1 mRNAs accumulated in wild-type M. alba roots in response to the Nod(-)/pTZS(+)S. meliloti strain. Masym3 mutant roots inoculated with Nod(-)/pTZS(+) rhizobia were also upregulated for MaEXPA1 expression.

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“…Kneen and LaRue (1988) observed that M. alba is highly mutable, and indeed EMS and fast neutron bombardment mutagenesis produced a broad variety of nonsymbiotic and symbiotic mutants. More recently, we (and others) studied M. alba symbiotic mutants that are affected in both nodulation and mycorrhizal responses (Lee et al, 2007, 2008; Lum et al, 2002; Utrup et al, 1993; Wu et al, 1996). For these and a number of additional reasons, we proposed M. alba as a model legume for the study of symbiosis (Hirsch et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

An open‐flower mutant ofMelilotus alba: Potential for floral‐dip transformation of a papilionoid legume with a short life cycle?

Hirsch

Lee

Deng³

et al. 2010

American J of Botany

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This paper describes an open-flower mutant, designated opf, that we discovered in a genetic screen of fast neutron bombardment mutants in an attempt at floral-dip transformation of Melilotus alba (Fabaceae; white sweetclover), an alternative papilionoid legume host for Sinorhizobium meliloti. The opf mutant developed flowers with reflexed sepals and petals, thereby exposing the stamens and carpel, whereas wild-type sweetclover inflorescences developed closed flowers where the young stamens and carpel remain covered during the early stages of flower development. Based on crosses with the wild type, the mutant segregated as a single, Mendelian recessive. Crosses were successful only when the opf mutant served as the female parent, suggesting that the mutant was male sterile. However, no obvious differences from wild-type stamen development were observed in the opf mutant. The anther defect was due to indehiscence. However, as the plants approached the end of their life cycle, the frequency of selfing increased. We also investigated whether the opf mutant could be transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens floral-dip infiltration because open flowers like those of Arabidopsis appear to be more readily transformable. However, similar to wild-type M. alba, the opf mutant is refractory to floral-dip transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

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ENOD40Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (Nod⁻Myc⁻) Mutant,Masym3, ofMelilotus albaDesr.

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Cytokinin induces expansin gene expression inMelilotus albaDesr. wild-type and the non-nodulating, non-mycorrhizal (Nod^-Myc^-) mutant Masym3

An open‐flower mutant ofMelilotus alba: Potential for floral‐dip transformation of a papilionoid legume with a short life cycle?

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ENOD40Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (Nod−Myc−) Mutant,Masym3, ofMelilotus albaDesr.

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis

Cytokinin induces expansin gene expression inMelilotus albaDesr. wild-type and the non-nodulating, non-mycorrhizal (Nod-Myc-) mutant Masym3

An open‐flower mutant ofMelilotus alba: Potential for floral‐dip transformation of a papilionoid legume with a short life cycle?

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ENOD40Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (Nod⁻Myc⁻) Mutant,Masym3, ofMelilotus albaDesr.

Cytokinin induces expansin gene expression inMelilotus albaDesr. wild-type and the non-nodulating, non-mycorrhizal (Nod^-Myc^-) mutant Masym3