<i>Arabidopsis</i> mutants showing an altered response to vernalization

Chandler, John W.; Wilson, A.; Dean, Caroline

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10040637.x

Cited by 118 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…The outcome of GA treatment was similar to that of vernalization in many species. Results above supported a hypothesis that the pathways of vernalization and GA to control flowering are independent to each other [2], [17]. Vernalization is controlled by methylation of the key genes in metabolism pathway of GA [23].…”

Section: Gene Expression Of Verc203 Homologue In Wheat and Arabidopsissupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Although the vrn genes have not been cloned yet, they were mapped on chromosome in wheat, such as, VRN1, VRN4, VRN3 and VRN5 at chromosome 5A, 5B, 5D and 7D, respectively [1]. VRN1 and VRN2 were located at chromosome III and IV, respectively in Arabidopsis [2]. Moreover a series of vernalization related genes were separated by approaches of the differential screening and mRNA differential display.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Existence of homologous sequences corresponding to cDNA of the ver gene in diverse higher plant species

Jia

Wei

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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The presence of DNA homologues corresponding to verc203 (vernalization-related cDNA clone) was investigated by molecular hybridization techniques. The genes were detected in 16 plant species that cover 12 subclasses of the Takhtajan system of angiosperms classification including diverse model species. The results of Southern blot analysis showed a low copy number of this gene existed in rice, wheat, barley and Arabidopsis. The hybridization result of PCR products demonstrated the conservation of the gene corresponding to ver203 in diverse plants. The phylogenetic tree of the ver203 gene in tested plants was supported by evolution relationship of species. The ver203 gene expressed in a vernalized plumule winter wheat, instead of the root. And the endosperm before the treatment was essential for the ver203 expression during vernalization in wheat. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the pattern of expression showed that the gene corresponding to ver203 was expressed at low temperature for 14 days. Gibberellin (GA 3 ) may accelerate the expression of ver203 gene in Arabidopsis exposed to low temperature. However, it could not replace vernalization treatment to initiate the gene expression.

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Section: Gene Expression Of Verc203 Homologue In Wheat and Arabidopsissupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence of homologous sequences corresponding to cDNA of the ver gene in diverse higher plant species

Jia

Wei

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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“…In a comparable manner, mutants from the autonomous pathway exhibit a very marked reduction in flowering time when subjected to vernalization. By contrast, mutants from the photoperiod pathway show only a minor response to cold treatments (Martinez-Zapater and Somerville, 1990;Koornneef et al, 1991Koornneef et al, , 1998aBagnall, 1992;Burn et al, 1993;Lee et al, 1993;Clarke and Dean, 1994;Chandler et al, 1996). Thus, vernalization can overcome the requirement for the autonomous pathway (Martinez-Zapater and Somerville, 1990;Reeves and Coupland, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the ArabidopsisMADS AFFECTING FLOWERINGGene Family:MAF2Prevents Vernalization by Short Periods of Cold [W]

et al. 2003

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The Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) gene is a key floral repressor in the maintenance of a vernalization response. In vernalization-sensitive genetic backgrounds, FLC levels are high, and they decline after exposure to long cold periods. Four FLC paralogs ( MAF2 [ MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2 ] to MAF5 ) are arranged in a tandem array on the bottom of Arabidopsis chromosome V. We used a reverse genetics approach to analyze their functions. Loss-of-function and gainof-function studies indicate that MAF2 acts as a floral repressor. In particular, maf2 mutant plants display a pronounced vernalization response when subjected to relatively short cold periods, which are insufficient to elicit a strong flowering response in the wild type, despite producing a large reduction in FLC levels. MAF2 expression is less sensitive to vernalization than that of FLC , and its repressor activity is exerted independently or downstream of FLC transcription. Thus, MAF2 can prevent premature vernalization in response to brief cold spells. Overexpression of MAF3 or MAF4 produces alterations in flowering time that suggest that these genes also act as floral repressors and might contribute to the maintenance of a vernalization requirement. However, the final gene in the cluster, MAF5 , is upregulated by vernalization. Therefore, MAF5 could play an opposite role to FLC in the vernalization response.

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“…The acceleration of flowering by cold is a process called vernalization, and it has been dissected by using a molecular genetic approach in Arabidopsis (1)(2)(3). A central player in vernalization is a MADS box protein FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

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LHP1, the Arabidopsis homologue of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, is required for epigenetic silencing of FLC

Mylne

Barrett

Tessadori

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vernalization is the acceleration of flowering by prolonged cold that aligns the onset of reproductive development with spring conditions. A key step of vernalization in Arabidopsis is the epigenetic silencing of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which encodes a repressor of flowering. The vernalization-induced epigenetic silencing of FLC is associated with histone deacetylation and H3K27me2 and H3K9me2 methylation mediated by VRN͞VIN proteins. We have analyzed whether different histone methyltransferases and the chromodomain protein LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN (LHP)1 might play a role in vernalization. No single loss-of-function mutation in the histone methyltransferases studied disrupted the vernalization response; however, lhp1 mutants revealed a role for LHP1 in maintaining epigenetic silencing of FLC. Like LHP1, VRN1 functions in both flowering-time control and vernalization. We explored the localization of VRN1 and found it to be associated generally with Arabidopsis chromosomes but not the heterochromatic chromocenters. This association did not depend on vernalization or VRN2 function and was maintained during mitosis but was lost in meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that VRN1 may contribute to chromatin silencing that is not meiotically stable.chromatin ͉ mitosis ͉ vernalization ͉ flowering ͉ meiosis

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Arabidopsis mutants showing an altered response to vernalization

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

Existence of homologous sequences corresponding to cDNA of the ver gene in diverse higher plant species

Existence of homologous sequences corresponding to cDNA of the ver gene in diverse higher plant species

Analysis of the ArabidopsisMADS AFFECTING FLOWERINGGene Family:MAF2Prevents Vernalization by Short Periods of Cold [W]

LHP1, the Arabidopsis homologue of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, is required for epigenetic silencing of FLC

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