<i>Application of epstein‐barr virus (EBV) serology to the diagnosis of north american nasopharyngeal carcinoma</i>

Pearson, Gary R.; Weiland, Louis H.; Neel, H. Bryan; Taylor, William F.; Earle, John D.; Mulroney, Susan E.; Goepfert, Helmuth; Lanier, Anne P.; Talvot, Marion L.; Pilch, Ben Z.; Goodman, Max L.; Huang, Andrew T.; Levine, Paul H.; Hyams, Vincent J.; Moran, Edgar M.; Henle, Gertrude; Henle, Werner

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830115)51:2<260::aid-cncr2820510216>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 124 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In certain areas of fore doubtful that they have any pathogenetic relation to EBV infection. 11 Africa, 10 -20% of childhood malignancies are NPCs. 1 In the U.S. and Europe, NPC is an uncommon tumor, The virus genome and its associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) can only be found in NPC tumor cells, comprising only 1 -2% of pediatric malignancies.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Mertens

Granzen

Lassay

et al. 1997

Cancer

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Mertens

Granzen

Lassay

et al. 1997

Cancer

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“…Whites. Studies of nasopharyngeal cancer among Alaska Natives indicate a strong association with EBV infection (31,32). In parts of Asia and Northern Africa where nasopharyngeal cancer is common, increased risk has been associated with diets high in salt-cured fish and meat in conjunction with EBV (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Cancer Incidence among Indians in Alaska and New Mexico and U.S. Whites, 1993-2002

Kelly

Lanier

Alberts

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Cancer incidence for American Indians and Alaska Natives is typically reported as a single rate for all U.S. indigenous populations combined. Previously reported combined rates suggest that American Indians and Alaska Natives have lower cancer incidence rates compared with the U.S. population. Alaska Native people comprise three major ethnic groups: Eskimo, Indian, and Aleut people. We examined cancer incidence from only Alaska Indians and compared incidence rates with an American Indian population living in New Mexico. These data indicate striking differences in cancer patterns between two American Indian populations. Cancer data for the years 1993 to 2002 for American Indians of New Mexico and U.S. Whites are from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Public-use data set. Data for Alaska Indians are from the Alaska Native Tumor Registry, which is also a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program participant. Overall, cancer incidence rates for all sites combined in New Mexico Indian men and women were lower than U.S. White rates, whereas Alaska Indian men and women exceeded U.S. rates. In comparing Alaska and New Mexico Indians, we observed a 2.5-fold higher incidence of cancer among Alaska Indians. The largest differences between the two Indian populations were noted primarily in cancers associated with tobacco use, including cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, esophagus (only in men), colon and rectum, pancreas, larynx (men), lung, prostate, and urinary bladder (men). Lung cancer rates in Alaska Indian men and women were 7 and 10 times those of New Mexico Indian men and women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev

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“…This finding was confirmed in 1970, when anti-EBV antibodies were observed to be higher in NPC patients than in controls (61). Subsequent studies showed that NPC patients have elevated IgG and IgA antibody titers to the EBV viral capsid antigen lgA and early antigen, as well as increased IgG against the latent viral nuclear antigens 1 and 2 (EBNA-1, EBNA-2) and neutralizing antibodies against EBV-specific DNase (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74). Moreover, these antibody titers, especially of IgA, precede tumor development by several years (75) and are correlated with tumor burden, remission, and recurrence (76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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Application of epstein‐barr virus (EBV) serology to the diagnosis of north american nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 124 publications

References 18 publications

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence

Differences in Cancer Incidence among Indians in Alaska and New Mexico and U.S. Whites, 1993-2002

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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