Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Mechanism of Tea Polysaccharides on Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Alteration

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to human health. Tea is cultivated around the world, and its polysaccharide components are reported to be an effective approach for managing type 2 diabetes with fewer adverse effects than medication. To examine the therapeutic effect of tea polysaccharides on diabetes, a type 2 diabetic rat model was generated. We showed that tea polysaccharides remarkably decreased fasting blood glucose and the levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and free fatty acid of type 2 diabetic rats. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics were used to investigate the variation of gut microbiota and the metabolites profiles of diabetic rats after intervention of tea polysaccharides. We found that tea polysaccharides maintained the diversity of gut microbiota and restored the relative abundance of some bacterial genera (Lachnospira, Victivallis, Roseburia, and Fluviicola) which was reduced by diabetes. According to metabolomics analysis, we found that amino acid and other related metabolites was influenced by tea polysaccharides intervention. Correlation analysis among metabolites, gut microbiota, and parameters of hypoglycemic indicated that tea polysaccharides had hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect on type 2 diabetes via the modulation of gut microbiota and the improvement of host metabolism.

Gut Microbiota Profile and Its Association with Clinical Variables and Dietary Intake in Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Moreover, the Lachnospira genus is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer [28], and a reduction in the Lachnospira abundance accompanied by weight gain has been described in overweight adults [28]. Additionally, the Lachnospira genus exhibited a negative association with fasting blood glucose in diabetic rat models [29]. For the first time, our work negatively related the Lachnospira genus with the serum LDL-C concentration, and our results agreed with the finding that a reduction in the abundance of Lachnospira is associated with increases in cardiovascular disease risk factors.…”

Impact of Dietary Patterns on H. pylori Infection and the Modulation of Microbiota to Counteract Its Effect. A Narrative Review

“…However, it is known that H. pylori -induced alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are due to changes in the lifestyle and diet patterns of H. pylori -infected individuals [ 20 ]. In addition, as discussed below, H. pylori infection leads to a reduction in Lactobacillus , Lachnospiraceae , and Blautia , bacteria that have also been found to be reduced in metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Thus, altered intestinal microbiota may lead to disease.…”

Glycosaminoglycan from Ostrea rivularis attenuates hyperlipidemia and regulates gut microbiota in high‐cholesterol diet‐fed zebrafish

“…The relative expression of lipogenic genes such as PPARγ, FASN, SREBP‐1, FASN, SCD, and HMGCRA was significantly downregulated by dietary treatment with high dose of OGAG. All these genes play an essential role in lipid biosynthesis and storage: PPARγ and SREBP1 are transcription factors that promote fat synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by positively regulating the expression of key lipogenic genes (Evans et al., 2004 ), like FASN (J. Li, Fang, et al., 2020 ); SCD is a key enzyme step in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acids (Brown & Rudel, 2010 ), HMGCRA is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of cholesterol (Kim et al., 2019 ). These results indicate that supplementation with OGAG inhibits the expression of key lipogenic genes, thereby reducing lipid accumulation in the liver of hyperlipidemic zebrafish.…”