Hypertensive syndrome in pregnacy: How to predict

Abstract

Preeclampsia complicates about 5% of all pregnancies worldwide. It is a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to study the literature on the predictive potential of screening for preeclampsia based on serum markers and uterine artery Doppler velocity waveform assessment. First-trimester uterine artery Doppler can identify over half of women who will develop preeclampsia. Detection rates may be increased by a combination with maternal serum markers. In screening for early preeclampsia, the detection rate for a 10% falsepositive rate was 96.3% for a combination of maternal factors, soluble endoglin, placental growth factor and uterine artery lowest Pulsatility Index. First trimester placental protein 13 predicts preeclampsia in women at increased a priori risk and predicts early-onset better than late-onset disease. The Fetal Medicine Foundation has released in 2009 the new software to allow calculation of risks for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in combination with some biochemical markers seems to be an effective first-trimester screening tool for preeclampsia and in particular early-onset preeclampsia.

Historical Contribution of Pharmaceutics to Botany and Pharmacognosy Development

“…Thus, in the French speaking area, the term „Materia Medica” is often encountered, and in Germanic countries, pharmaceutical biology. Sometimes this is called the chemistry of plants, chemistry of the drugs, or phytochemicals ( 3 ). The use of plants in the treatment originates from the distant past.…”

“…Until the beginning of the term pharmacopoeia (until 16 th century) pharmacopoeia books were called: Antidotarium, Dispensarium, Dispensatorium, Lumen, Luminaire, Receptor, Codex, Formularium, Compendium, etc. ( 3 ).…”

“…The majority of information and data in pharmacognosy refers to natural resources and ingredients that are pharmacologically active, or to drugs used in the therapy of certain diseases and states of impaired health, and may be used preventively to preserve normal functioning of the organism ( 1 , 2 ). The name itself for all scientific disciplines is derived from the Greek words “pharmakon” (medicine, poison) and “gnosis” (knowledge), so that this science represents “medicine knowledge” or “knowledge of drugs” ( 2 , 3 , 4 ).…”

The Combined Screening Test in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

“…When we take all this into account, we could expect that pregnant women with low values of biochemical marker PAPP-A, measured during the combined screening test in the first trimester of pregnancy, should be, apart for the risk of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 for which screening the test is being conducted, followed up as high-risk pregnancies for the development of PE and its complications (threatened preterm labour, PE, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restriction). 11,12,16 These pregnant women should be controlled every four weeks after the 20th week, until the 30th week of pregnancy even more often, if there are signs of preeclampsia. 15 With an appropriate prevention we could reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women and fetus, that is, pregnancy complications.…”

“…15 With an appropriate prevention we could reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women and fetus, that is, pregnancy complications. 7,16 The use of selected markers is also cost-effective in clinical application when it comes to the price and providing the most optimal diagnostic information. 17 The application of a well-planned screening test in the prevention of disease is cheaper in comparison to the costs of treating already affected patients.…”