Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Increase the Risk of Stroke

Abstract

Stroke is one of the cause of death and major neurological disability in Indonesia. The risk of stroke increases with the number of risk factors. Stroke is the main cause of inpatient death at Panembahan Senopati General Hospital in Bantul. The independent variables in this study were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study aim to determine the relationship of hypertension and diabetes mellitus to the incidence of stroke. The study was conducted in 2016 and was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The number of respondents were 256 samples, where samples were taken by simple random sampling. The research instrument is observation sheet of medical records. Analysis of data was conducted using univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square test. Bivariate analysis showed significant correlation statistically and biologically between hypertension (RP = 9.000 ; CI = 4.866-16.645 ; p value = 0.000) and diabetes mellitus (RP = 4.226 ; CI = 3.089-5.780 ; p value = 0.000) with the incidence of stroke. Efforts to increase health promotion program to improve community awareness regarding the incidence of stroke are suggested to improve the quality of life of stroke patients.

Incidence of Stroke and Associated Risk Factors in Bogor, Indonesia: A Nested Case-Control Study

“…DM increases the risk of stroke because excess glucose in the blood causes vasculopathy, making it more likely to develop hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition, diabetes increases the risk of blood clots, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes (Azam et al, 2017;Sofiana et al, 2019). Excess sugar in the blood has a direct effect on the walls of blood vessels, binding to and changing the structure of proteins and molecules lining blood vessels, making it thicker, less elastic, and more likely to trigger thrombosis.…”

“…These changes cause tissue damage called final organ damage. A smaller space for blood to flow means a greater likelihood that clots can completely block blood vessels, causing a stroke or heart attack (Chaturvedi et al, 2020;Sofiana & Rahmawati, 2019;Sorgun et al, 2018). DM was a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke.…”

Risiko Gejala Komplikasi Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate

“…Berbagai penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara peningkatan kadar gula darah dengan komplikasi penyakit stroke. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Liana Sofiana dan Dewy Desy Rahmawati menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dan biologis antara diabetes melitus (RP=4.226; CI= 3.089-5.780; p value= 0,000) dengan kejadian stroke [41].…”

The Relationship Between Citicoline Administration and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients at Dr. Regional General Hospital Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Bekasi City in 2022

“…An increase in total cholesterol characterizes an increase in the risk of ischemic stroke, while an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol indicates a decrease in the risk of ischemic stroke. [13] A case-control study in Australia showed an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke; low total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. [9] Citicoline has a beneficial effect on improving neurological function, namely functioning in primary neuronal phospholipid metabolism, increasing phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and increasing acetylcholine production.…”