BACKGROUND Previous studies concluded predictors of smear non-conversion pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) globally as well as in Indonesia. However, there is a limited data in hospital setting. This study aimed to explore predictors of smear non-conversion pulmonary TB in hospital setting.
METHODS A case-control study was conducted to explore predictors of smear nonconversion among new-treatment pulmonary TB in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Number of cases and controls have been determined consecutively. Data were collected from secondary data accessed in medical records and directly from subjects. Non-conversion status in the case group was defined as a persistent sputum smear-positive after 2 months of intensive phase of treatment. The subjects’ characteristics i.e., age, sex, BMI, education level, occupational status, and predictors of smear non-conversion, i.e., patient’s compliance, smoking status, alcohol consumption, presence of drugs side effects, health care access, first acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear grading, diabetes mellitus (DM), housing condition, housing density, and household income were observed. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used.
RESULTS 35 subjects were determined in the case group while 76 subjects were the control group and involved in the final analysis. Age, sex, first AFB smear grading, smoking status, housing condition, housing density, and DM were involved in the model of logistic regression. DM (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.19–10.00) and first AFB smear grading (OR = 11.2; 95% CI = 3.86–33.00) were concluded as the predictors of smear nonconversion.
CONCLUSIONS DM and first AFB smear grading were the predictors of smear nonconversion among new-treatment pulmonary TB subjects.
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infection (OI) is the most significant complication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Differences in the characteristics of HIV patients make the prevalence of Opportunistic infection different between regions. The study aimed to identify variables associated with OI incidence among HIV-infected patients in Semarang City, Indonesia.METHODS: This study uses secondary data sourced from special HIV surveillance for 2019-2021 with a cross-sectional method. 1362 HIV patients with variables health care facilities; year of diagnosis; area of residence; age; sex; pregnancy status; occupation; risk factors; risk group determined based on purposive sampling were included in the chi-square analysis and logistic regression.RESULTS: This study showed 12.3% (n=167) of HIV patients experienced OI, where OI was more common in HIV patients with risk groups of sex workers (28.70%), high-risk partners (18.60%), and Male Sex with Men (MSM) (15.40). The most common types of OI were tuberculosis infection (43%), candidiasis (21%), and diarrhea (9%). Age was the variable most associated with the incidence of OI (p-value 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Age groups 45-54 years and 55-64 years have the most influential association with Opportunistic infection incidence in HIV patients, so planning an appropriate intervention program for this subpopulation is necessary.
Kecelakaan lalu lintas menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian ke-8 di Indonesia dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada usia 14– 40 tahun. Secara global, kecelakaan lalu lintas juga menjadi penyebab pertama kematian akibat cedera dengan jumlah terbanyak. Terdapat kenaikan angka kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas pertahunnya di Indonesia, begitu pula kenaikan jumlah korban meninggal dan luka-luka. Kota Semarang merupakan kota dengan kejadian kecelakaan yang cukup tinggi. Angka kejadian kecelakaan di Kota Semarang meningkat dan jumlah korban terus bertambah, maka diperlukan suatu tindakan untuk mencegah terjadinya hal tersebut. Kajian epidemiologi deskriptif dilakukan guna mendapatkan berbagai informasi yang berkaitan dengan kecelakaan. Faktor kelalaian manusia, kendaraan dan faktor lingkungan dikaji berdasarkan data yang tersedia untuk menemukan faktor-faktor berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas. Kajian epidemiologi analitik juga dilakukan guna mendapatkan hasil analisis mendalam terkait data yang telah ditampilkan kemudian dikaji menggunakan berbagai penelitian serupa yang telah dilakukan di daerah lain. Hasil akhir semua kajian akan didapatkan berbagai tantangan dalam mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas. Berbagai solusi juga ditawarkan sebagai jawaban dari tantangan yang tersedia untuk mencegah kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas dan mencegah jatuhnya korban lebih banyak.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.