Hyperelastic, shape‐memorable, and ultra‐cell‐adhesive degradable polycaprolactone‐polyurethane copolymer for tissue regeneration

Abstract

Novel polycaprolactone-based polyurethane (PCL-PU) copolymers with hyperelasticity, shape-memory, and ultra-cell-adhesion properties are reported as clinically applicable tissue-regenerative biomaterials. New isosorbide derivatives (propoxylated or ethoxylated ones) were developed to improve mechanical properties by enhanced reactivity in copolymer synthesis compared to the original isosorbide. Optimized PCL-PU with propoxylated isosorbide exhibited notable mechanical performance (50 MPa tensile strength and 1150% elongation with hyperelasticity under cyclic load). The shape-memory effect was also revealed in different forms (film, thread, and 3D scaffold) with 40%-80% recovery in tension or compression mode after plastic deformation. The ultra-cell-adhesive property was proven in various cell types which were reasoned to involve the heat shock protein-mediated integrin (α5 and αV) activation, as analyzed by RNA sequencing and inhibition tests. After the tissue regenerative potential (muscle and bone) was confirmed by the myogenic and osteogenic Suk-Min Hong, Ji-Young Yoon, and Jae-Ryung Cha contributed equally to this work.

Tough and biodegradable polyurethane-silica hybrids with rapid sol-gel transition for bone repair

“…Similar to previous studies 9,10 , PCL with two terminated hydroxyl groups at opposite ends, namely PCLdiol, was used as the polyol to synthesize biodegradable PU. The diol groups were reacted with HDI, a diisocyanate, to produce urethane bonds between the PCL-diols and polyurethane 11,12 .…”

“…The developed PU was thermoplastic and biodegradable as a result of polymerization with polycaprolactone(PCL)-diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). PCL-diol and aliphatic HDI have been used to synthesize a thermoplastic, biodegradable, and biocompatible PU 9,10 . The introduction of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) during polymerization allowed for the functionalization of the PU with alkoxysilane groups, which enabled covalent bonding to the silica network.…”

Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramic Implants for Restoration Bone Engineering: Technologies, Advances, and Future Perspectives

“…After 1 h in the rabbit body, the height of scaffolds coated with X-ray-detectable chemicals recovered to the original value in both areas, as detected by X-ray imaging. c) The bracket returns to 39% of its original length after compression . Copyright 2022 John Wiley and Sons.…”

“…Polycaprolactone-based polyurethane (PCL/PU) copolymers have super elasticity, shape memory, and super cellular adhesion properties. Hong et al implanted compressed PCL/PU scaffolds into the maxillary sinus bone and tibia of rabbits, and after implantation, they expanded until filling the defect within 60 min, as shown in Figure b. This is because the PCL/PU scaffold compressed to 39% of the original length at 37.5 ± 0.5 °C, and the shape could be fixed at room temperature (RT, 20 ± 0.4 °C).…”

Synthesizing Polyurethane Using Isosorbide in Primary Alcohol Form, and Its Biocompatibility Properties

“…Although hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is less reactive than other diisocyanates, it is one of the most widely used aliphatic diisocyanates because of its resistance to turning yellow, excellent heat resistance, and its demand in various industries [ 26 , 27 ]. Additionally, aliphatic isocyanates were used as PU polymer components due to their biocompatibility without toxic degradation by-products, unlike aromatic isocyanates [ 28 ]. The mechanical properties of aliphatic isocyanate-based PU are not as good as those of aromatic isocyanate-based PU, and to improve this, isosorbide with a rigid structure can be used as a chain extender [ 29 ].…”