Hypercalcaemia in the dog: a study of 40 cases

Abstract

Forty dogs referred to the University Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge for medical and oncological conditions between 1985 and 1990 were found to be hypercalcaemia In 18 cases the primary or underlying condition was diagnosed as lymphoproliferative disease with multicentric lymphoma occurring most commonly. Ten dogs were suffering from hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) and two had adenocarcinomas of the apocrine glands of the anal sac. In three dogs a clinical diagnosis of renal dysplasia was made, this diagnosis being confirmed at post mortem examination in one dog. In the remaining cases hypercalcaemia was associated with a primary lung tumour, a thymoma, an osteosarcoma with widespread skeletal metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma, chronic panniculitis, iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism following mito‐tane therapy (one case each] and, in a further case, no diagnosis was reached. The most common clinical signs were inappetence, polyuria/ polydipsia, weakness, vomiting, lethargy and depression. As a group, the dogs with lymphoproliferative disease had a significantly higher mean plasma calcium concentration (4‐3 ± 0–7 vs 3–5 ± 0–4 mmol/litre), a significantly lower mean plasma inorganic phosphate concentration (1–5 ± 0–5 vs 2–4 ± 09 mmol/litre) and were significantly older (5‐5 ± 2–4 vs 3‐3 + 1–8 years) than the dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.

Hypercalcemia in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 71 Cases (1991–1997)

“…T he etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia are well described in dogs 1 and humans. 2 In dogs, the most common diseases associated with hypercalcemia are neoplasia and hypoadrenocorticism.…”

Canine Anal Sac Adenocarcinomas: Clinical Presentation and Response to Therapy

“…[6][7][8][9] This results in pseudohyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia of malignancy, the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the dog. 10 In the study of 32 dogs with ASAC, hypercalcemia was present in 8 dogs, only 5 of which had polydipsia and polyuria. 5 ASAC has been treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.…”

Linfoma Canino – Achados Clínico-Patológicos

“…A causa mais comum de hipercalcemia em cães é o linfoma . A hipercalcemia no linfoma é a síndrome paraneoplásica resultante da produção de substâncias tumorais como a proteína semelhante ao paratôrmonio (PTHrP), que mimetizam o paratormônio (KUBOTA et al, 2002), que estimulam a reabsorção mobilização óssea e renal do cálcio, ocorrendo em 20-40% do linfoma canino (ELLIOT et al, 1991). A hipercalcemia pode provocar nefropatia com conseqüente poliúria, polidipsia e sinais da síndrome urêmica (WELLER e HOFFMAN, 1992; O estudo da distribuição das alterações hematológicas, do exame de urina e do perfil bioquímico sérico foi executado considerando o teste do Qui-quadrado para amostra e o nível de 5% de significância (STREINER e NORMAN, 1994).…”