RESUMO -O linfoma é uma neoplasia com origem nos tecidos hematopoiéticos sólidos e é um dos tumores mais freqüentes em cães. Os resultados dos exames laboratoriais obtidos foram retirados dos prontuários de 54 cães com diagnóstico de linfoma, atendidos num período de 28 meses (fevereiro de 1997 a maio de 1999) no Hospital -Botucatu -SP. O objetivo foi descrever as alterações hematológicas, do exame de urina e do perfil bioquímico sérico nestes cães. As alterações hematológicas mais freqüentes foram anemia e leucocitose, que ocorreram em 44,44% dos casos. As alterações do exame de urina e do perfil bioquímico sérico foram infreqüentes. O aumento sérico da bilirrubina e das enzimas hepáticas sugerem invasão do fígado por células neoplásicas. A hipercalcemia e hiperglobulinemia foram as síndromes paraneoplásicas suspeitas neste estudo. Conclui-se que os achados bioquímicos e hematológicos do linfoma canino são inespecíficos e variados.Palavras chave: cão, linfoma, perfil bioquímico, hematologia, urinálise.ABSTRACT -Canine lymphoma, one of the frequently detected tumors in dogs, is a neoplasia originating in lymphoid tissues. Over a period of 28 months (February 1997 -May 1999) the hematologic, urinalysis and biochemical alterations of 54 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of lymphoma were evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital -Botucatu, SP. Anemia and leukocytosis were the most frequent hematological changes occurring in 44.44% of the cases. Changes in the routine urinalysis or serum clinical chemistry were infrequent. Increased serum levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes suggest invasion of the liver by neoplastic cells. Hypercalcemia and hypergammaglobulinemia were suspected as paraneoplasic syndromes in this study. We conclude that the biochemical and hematological findings of canine lymphoma are nonspecific and variable.
Background The current standard of care is to start antiretroviral therapy in all patients diagnosed with HIV-1, as for HIV-2 current DHHS guideline suggests ART for HIV-2 as soon as diagnosis is established, although this practice is not universal, for instance, in Portugal there are specific criteria to start treatment. Case presentation We present a case of a man, chronically infected with HIV-1, HIV-2 and hepatitis B virus who developed resistance to HIV-2 while maintaining HIV-1 under control. 6 years after starting antiretroviral therapy he had his first virologic failure. We performed HIV-2 resistance tests that revealed high-grade resistance to all nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors except tenofovir and to all protease inhibitors except darunavir. After a decade of permanent poor adherence to therapy he developed resistance to both tenofovir and darunavir. We put together a new regiment with tenofovir alafenamide + emtricitabine + dolutegravir + maraviroc and nowadays he is with undetectable HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral loads. Conclusions This shows the importance of having access to HIV-2 viral load determination and HIV-2 resistance testing.
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