Hydroxylamine enhanced Fe(II)-activated peracetic acid process for diclofenac degradation: Efficiency, mechanism and effects of various parameters

Activation of Peracetic Acid by Trace Ferrous Ion and Vacuum Ultraviolet for the Ultrafast Degradation of PPCPs

“…(20) (22) Furthermore, the consumption rate of PAA was significantly faster than that of H 2 O 2 (Figure 1d), which could be attributed to the fact that the reaction rate of Fe(II) with PAA (k Fe(II)/PAA = (1.10−1.56) × 10 5 M −1 s −1 ) is prominently higher than that with H 2 O 2 (k Fe(II)/Hd 2 Od 2 = 41−76 M −1 s −1 ), 1,9 Moreover, the VUV/PAA/Fe(II) system possessed ultrahigh utilization efficiency of PAA (∼96.4%) in a short time (3 min), which could effectively avoid the excessive addition of the oxidant and save the energy consumption. Only 20% of H 2 O 2 was consumed, indicating that H 2 O 2 accounts for a low contribution to the whole reaction process.…”

“…Thus, acidic conditions are more conducive to the degradation of CBZ by the VUV/PAA/Fe(II) system, which can be attributed to the fact that iron ions are not easy to precipitate under acidic conditions. 1 When pH > 5, iron hydroxide with low solubility will be generated. 16 Specifically, Fe(III) are precipitated as hydrous oxyhydroxides at pH 5−7, and Fe(OH) 2 will be generated at higher pH 7−9, resulting in a decrease in peroxide activation.…”

“…4 Theoretically, PAA is easier to activate than hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS), because the O−O bond energy of it (159 kJ•mol −1 ) is lower than that of H 2 O 2 (213 kJ•mol −1 ) and PMS (317 kJ• mol −1 ). 5 PAA could be activated by various approaches (e.g., ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, 6,7 transition metals, 1,8,9 heat, 4 and catalyst 10,11 ) to generate • OH and R-O • for the degradation of refractory micropollutants. Generally, the homogeneous Fenton-like reaction initiated by metal ions (e.g., Fe(II) and Co(II)) is more rapid than other methods).…”

“…In the past decades, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely studied and applied to the degradation of contaminants for water treatment. Peracetic acid (PAA), an organic peracid, is commonly used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent in food processing and medical industries. , Moreover, PAA is also considered as an ideal substitute for chlorine disinfection due to the low production of disinfection byproducts . Recently, PAA-based AOPs for the treatment of organic pollutants have attracted wide attention.…”

“…PAA could be activated by various approaches (e.g., ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, , transition metals, ,, heat, and catalyst , ) to generate • OH and R-O • for the degradation of refractory micropollutants. Generally, the homogeneous Fenton-like reaction initiated by metal ions (e.g., Fe­(II) and Co­(II)) is more rapid than other methods). , Moreover, due to the environmental friendliness, abundance, and low cost of Fe­(II), , the PAA-based Fenton-like system triggered by Fe­(II) is considered to be an economical and feasible approach.…”