Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle loaded collagen fiber composites: Microarchitecture and nanoindentation study

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle-collagen composite materials with various HA/collagen weight ratios were prepared from HA/collagen dispersions using the solution deposition and electrospinning with static or rotating collectors. The composites with nanoparticle HA to collagen weight ratio of 80:20 can be easily prepared in the solution deposition approach, whereas in the electrospun fibrous composites it was possible to reach a maximum HA/collagen weight ratio of 30:70 while maintaining a good fibrous structure. The structure, surface morphology, and nanoindentation properties of these nanoparticle HA/collagen composites with different microarchitectures were investigated. The values from 0.2 GPa to 20 GPa for nanoindentation Young's modulus and from 25 MPa to 500 MPa for hardness, were obtained depending on the fabrication technique, composition, and microarchitecture of the composites. It was observed that the nanoindentation Young's modulus and hardness of the HA/collagen composite materials seem to achieve maximum values for 45-60% HA content by weight.

Improvement of Differentiation and Mineralization of Pre‐Osteoblasts on Composite Nanofibers of Poly(lactic acid) and Nanosized Bovine Bone Powder

“…[5] In particular, the diameter of the fibers has been reported to be controlled by the concentration of the polymer solutions. [10,16] For example, the diameter of the electrospun collagen/hydroxyapatite (HA) fibers increased with increasing HA content. The opposite results were observed in PLA/HA fibers; the diameter of fibers decreased with increasing HA content.…”

Greener synthesis of electrospun collagen/hydroxyapatite composite fibers with an excellent microstructure for bone tissue engineering

“…However, the collagen/HAP composite was usually fabricated via electrospinning the solution prepared by dissolving collagen and dispersing HAP powders simultaneously in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). [40][41][42] Not only can HFIP and TFE induce an apparent loss of the triple helical configuration of collagen, but they can remain a highly volatile and corrosive solvent that poses health risks to humans, as well as its high price. [43][44][45][46] In consideration of the shortcoming of HFIP, several attempts have recently been made at finding more eco and environmentally benign solvents to prepare collagen solutions for electrospinning.…”

“…54,55 In addition, most of the electrospinning solutions (or dispersions) were prepared by a conventional mixing method in which HAP was normally obtained firstly in powders and followed by mixing it with collagen solutions. [40][41][42]56 Consequently, in the prepared collagen/HAP composites, the particle size of HAP was not uniform and the HAP aggregation was often randomly distributed within the collagen matrix. Such a composite was obviously different from the natural bone microstructure, and only had a compositional similarity to that of natural bone.…”

Hydrothermal fabrication of hydroxyapatite/chitosan/carbon porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…Recently, fiber/HA composites have been fabricated by using poly(L-lactic acid) fibers, 13 silk fibers, 14 cellulose fibers, 15 or carbon fibers 16 as templates to induce the nucleation and growth of HA nanocrystals on their surfaces.…”