Hydrothermal fabrication of hydroxyapatite/chitosan/carbon porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Porous carbon fiber felts (PCFFs) have great applications in orthopedic surgery because of the strong mechanical strength, low density, high stability, and porous structure, but they are biologically inert. To improve their biological properties, we developed, for the first time, the hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan/carbon porous scaffolds (HCCPs). HA/chitosan nanohybrid coatings have been fabricated on PCFFs according to the following stages: (i) deposition of chitosan/calcium phosphate precursors on PCFFs; and (ii) hydrothermal transformation of the calcium phosphate precursors in chitosan matrix into HA nanocrystals. The scanning electron microscopy images indicate that PCFFs are uniformly covered with elongated HA nanoplates and chitosan, and the macropores in PCFFs still remain. Interestingly, the calcium-deficient HA crystals exist as plate-like shapes with thickness of 10-18 nm, width of 30-40 nm, and length of 80-120 nm, which are similar to the biological apatite. The HA in HCCPs is similar to the mineral of natural bone in chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology. As compared with PCFFs, HCCPs exhibit higher in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility because of the presence of the HA/chitosan nanohybrid coatings. HCCPs not only promote the formation of bone-like apatite in simulated body fluid, but also improve the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Hence, HCCPs have great potentials as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering and implantation.

Combinatorial MAPLE deposition of antimicrobial orthopedic maps fabricated from chitosan and biomimetic apatite powders

“…Previous studies have proven the high antimicrobial activity of CHT/Ap composite particles (Ignjatovi c et al, 2016;Shi et al, 2016). However, the most of the chitosan containing coatings reported in the literature have been obtained by using electrophoretic deposition or hydrothermal fabrication methods (Seuss et al, 2014;Pishbin et al, 2014;Long et al, 2014).…”

A biomimetic self-assembling peptide promotes bone regeneration in vivo: A rat cranial defect study

“…This procedure does however include serious limitations, such as donor site morbidity, limited tissue supply, temporary loss of function and surgical/anaesthetic risks, [1] prompting the development of novel approaches to bone repair based upon tissue regeneration. These have been based upon the use of (either alone or in combinations) adult mesenchymal stem cells [2,3], synthetic/natural scaffolds or cytokines, with the ultimate aim of promoting a tissue rich in collagens and mineral within bone defects [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. Biomaterials with hydroxyapatite coatings [9] or materials where all the organic component of allogenic bone has been removed, leaving behind the apatitic mineral phase e.g.…”

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Systems Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

“…Interestingly, the increase on HAp content stimulated the proliferation of osteogenic cells due to different effects: (a) upregulated expression of genes associated to gene expression [62]; (b) mitogenic effect of HAp crystals [63]; and (c) reinforcement effect that improves mechanical properties and lead materials with better capacities to support cell colonization [64]. The improvement of osteoconductivity is clear for example for chitosan based scaffolds [65]. Furthermore, polymeric fibers containing HAp have been revealed as promising candidates for guided bone regeneration [65].…”

“…The improvement of osteoconductivity is clear for example for chitosan based scaffolds [65]. Furthermore, polymeric fibers containing HAp have been revealed as promising candidates for guided bone regeneration [65].…”