Improvement of Differentiation and Mineralization of Pre‐Osteoblasts on Composite Nanofibers of Poly(lactic acid) and Nanosized Bovine Bone Powder

Abstract

The effect of NBM incorporation in PLA nanofibers on their mechanical properties and the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts was studied. At 20% NBM, the Young's modulus of the nanofibers was 37.78 +/- 4.23, significantly larger than that of pure PLA nanofibers. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts attached to both types of nanofibers and developed full osteogenic phenotypes. A profound effect of NBM on the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was confirmed, suggesting that NBM/PLA composite nanofibers exhibit properties similar to those of the native collagen-rich mineralized bone matrix, and could therefore serve as a temporary substrate for facilitating the differentiation and mineralization of bone-forming cells.

Whole-organ engineering with natural extracellular materials

“…In orthopedics, guided bone regeneration has been pursued using natural materials fabricated into scaffolds, such as demineralized bone, which possesses osteoinductive properties [62]. Recently, demineralized bone has been manufactured as a nanoscale bone matrix (NBM) powder and incorporated within poly(L-lactide) (PLA) electrospun fibers [63]. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteodifferentiated on both PLA and PLA-NBM scaffolds in vitro, and accelerated mineralization was observed of human MSC seeded PLA-NBM fibers implanted in vivo [64].…”

“…Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteodifferentiated on both PLA and PLA-NBM scaffolds in vitro, and accelerated mineralization was observed of human MSC seeded PLA-NBM fibers implanted in vivo [64]. PLA-NBM also provided a scaffold exhibiting mechanical properties higher in average tensile strength and Young's modulus than PLA alone, while exhibiting lower values than cortical bone [63]. As a result, PLA-NBM constructs can provide osteoinductive cues and may approximate the mechanical properties of immature bone undergoing remodeling with minimal loading [63].…”

“…PLA-NBM also provided a scaffold exhibiting mechanical properties higher in average tensile strength and Young's modulus than PLA alone, while exhibiting lower values than cortical bone [63]. As a result, PLA-NBM constructs can provide osteoinductive cues and may approximate the mechanical properties of immature bone undergoing remodeling with minimal loading [63]. After 12 weeks in vivo, the defect was almost 90 % smaller than its original size, demonstrating the responsive remodeling potential of PLA-NBM [64].…”

Reclaiming a Natural Beauty: Whole-Organ Engineering with Natural Extracellular Materials

“…In orthopedics, guided bone regeneration has been pursued with natural materials fabricated into scaffolds, such as demineralized bone, which possesses osteo-inductive properties [59]. Recently, demineralized bone has been manufactured as a nanoscale bone matrix (NBM) powder and incorporated within poly( l -lactide) (PLA) electrospun fibers [60]. Human mesenchymal stem cells osteodifferentiated on both PLA and PLA–NBM scaffolds in vitro , and accelerated mineralization on PLA–NBM fibers occurred in vivo [61].…”

“…Human mesenchymal stem cells osteodifferentiated on both PLA and PLA–NBM scaffolds in vitro , and accelerated mineralization on PLA–NBM fibers occurred in vivo [61]. PLA–NBM also provided a scaffold with mechanical properties higher in average tensile strength and Young’s modulus than PLA alone, but provided lower values than cortical bone [60]. As a result, PLA–NBM constructs can provide osteoinductive cues and may approximate the mechanical properties of immature bone undergoing remodeling with minimal loading [60].…”