Hydrothermal carbonization of agricultural and municipal solid waste digestates – Structure and energetic properties of the solid products

Pawlak–Kruczek, Halina; Niedźwiecki, Łukasz; Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Baranowski, Marcin; Serafin-Tkaczuk, Monika; Magdziarz, Aneta

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117837

Cited by 71 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There were also some aggregations detected on the composite biofilm surface, leading to a direct transformation of the biofilm structure to a more rigid state than PSF [ 13 ]. As compared with the SEM morphology of the solid digestate without any pretreatment, the ultrasonic thermo-alkaline method decreased its particle size significantly in this work [ 35 ]. Previous research has indicated that the small particle size of solid digestates can make them easy to incorporate into a bio-based matrix [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm

et al. 2021

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Developing a green and sustainable method to upgrade biogas wastes into high value-added products is attracting more and more public attention. The application of solid residues as a performance enhancer in the manufacture of biofilms is a prospective way to replace conventional plastic based on fossil fuel. In this work, solid digestates from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, such as straw, cattle and chicken manures, were pretreated by an ultrasonic thermo-alkaline treatment to remove the nonfunctional compositions and then incorporated in plasticized starch paste to prepare mulching biofilms by the solution casting method. The results indicated that solid digestate particles dispersed homogenously in the starch matrix and gradually aggregated under the action of a hydrogen bond, leading to a transformation of the composites to a high crystalline structure. Consequently, the composite biofilm showed a higher tensile strength, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature compared to the pure starch-based film. The light, water and GHG (greenhouse gas) barrier properties of the biofilm were also reinforced by the addition of solid digestates, performing well in sustaining the soil quality and minimizing N2O or CH4 emissions. As such, recycling solid digestates into a biodegradable plastic substitute not only creates a new business opportunity by producing high-performance biofilms but also reduces the environmental risk caused by biogas waste and plastics pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm

et al. 2021

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“…The torrefied particles with the largest specific surface area and the smallest pore size could be obtained at a certain temperature. [ 96 ] Halina et al [ 89 ] reached this conclusion as well through the hydrothermal treatment of MSW and pointed out that the change was most obvious in the macroporous range.…”

Section: Effect Of Torrefaction On Structure Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[79] The grain size of 90% CFS decreased initially from 408.37 to 88.19 μm at 300 C. Through dehydration and the destruction of the structure, torrefaction enhances the grindability of CFS, making it easier to grind into smaller and more uniform particles that can be adapted to more boilers. [79] However, Pawlak-Kruczek et al [89] believed that the MSW's surface became rougher after wet torrefaction, and part of the fibrous structure of hydrochar was still visible. Ibbett et al [90] explained that the partial hemicellulose contained in biomass was converted into monomers and oligomers through hydrolysis and polymerization during wet torrefaction, so the fiber structure could still be observed.…”

Section: Morphology Of Non-lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Biomass Torrefaction and Gasification based on Biomass Classification: A Review

Gong

Areeprasert

et al. 2021

Energy Tech

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Trace element migration and structure evolution are related to biomass gasification performance, which varies to a certain extent during torrefaction. This substantial summary of the integrated process based on biomass classification has practical significance for the consumption and commercialization of a bio‐refinery. Herein, biomass is divided into two categories and an understanding of the relevant variations is presented during the integrated two processes according to the classification. The effects of torrefaction on the organic (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) and inorganic components (trace elements), and the physicochemical structural evolution (morphology, pore structure, functional groups) of biomass are reviewed. The differences (syngas generation and tar formation) between raw and torrefied biomass gasification are compared. Meanwhile, the effects of torrefaction on gasification performance and the possible gasification mechanisms are reviewed regarding pore structure, carbon structure, surface area, and alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). The gasification of the torrefied biomass materials on a pilot‐scale is outlined. Finally, future directions and technological challenges associated with the integrated technologies are proposed. More scaling‐up experiments should be conducted to investigate the mass and heat transfer in reactors during amplification and to improve the reactor's adaptability to biomass species in the contexts of economy and society.

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“…Furthermore, quality and crop applicability have been evaluated not only from the point of view of nutrients, but also for the content of heavy metals and pathogens. However, the majority of digestate reports come from single-stage configurations [5,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical, microbiological characterization and phytotoxicity of digestates produced on single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste

Parra-Orobio

Rotavisky-Sinisterra

Pérez-Vidal

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

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Organic amendments favor the development of sustainable agriculture by using less chemical fertilizers. In this way, the use of digestates from anaerobic digestion as soil conditioners in agriculture has been gaining interest due to their important N and P nutrient contents, among others. This study evaluated the potential use of digestates from anaerobic reactors treating food waste in single (D1) and two-stages (D2: hydrolytic/acidogenic and D3: acetogenic/methanogenic) configurations. Digestate characteristics and their potential application conditions (100, 50, 25, and 5%) were evaluated using Raphanus sativus as an indicator species. D3 reported the best performance in terms of: (i) better physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological characteristics, being a class B material, without exceeding the established limits for heavy metals, fecal coliforms (FC < 1000 CFU 100 mL− 1), Salmonella spp. (0 CFU g− 1), and viable helminth eggs (0 HE g− 1); (ii) better stability indicators on D3, followed by D1 (volatile solids/total solids (VS/TS): 0.57 and 0.65, pH: 8.63 and 6.80, respectively), while D2 was the most unstable digestate (VS/TS > 0.87 and acidic pH); and (iii) greater potential for agricultural use, since a 5% dose produced a germination index > 120%, whose effect is associated with the presence of humic and fulvic acids and with N and P concentrations > 1%. In addition, the study reported that volatile fatty acids > 2500 mg L− 1 act as antimicrobial agents, reducing the required pathogen removal pretreatments.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of agricultural and municipal solid waste digestates – Structure and energetic properties of the solid products

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm

Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm

Integration of Biomass Torrefaction and Gasification based on Biomass Classification: A Review

Physicochemical, microbiological characterization and phytotoxicity of digestates produced on single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste

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