Hydrolysis of Sucrose over Sulfonic Acid Resins

Abstract

Sucrose hydrolysis on acidic ion‐exchange resins is a long‐established process in the sugar industry, but the formation of side products is less understood. A resin typically used in the industrial process (C124SH, Purolite) was investigated in a broad range of sucrose concentration (7 to 75 % w/w) and temperatures from 25 to 80 °C. Fructose is converted to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) due to a 1/2 order reaction. This is explained by the formation of a fructose disaccharide (monoanhydride) as an intermediate decomposing to HMF and fructose. Difructose dianhydrides (DFAs) are separately formed as prevailing by‐products. The color of the product mixture is correlated to HMF and found to be reduced by size exclusion inside the resins. Diffusional limitations of the total reaction are investigated by comparison of the entire resin bead with its size‐reduced forms obtained by milling. Without diffusion limitation the catalytic activity increases with the sugar concentration while the diffusion control leads to a maximal activity around 40 % w/w sugar. Diffusion coefficients of sucrose are calculated.

A short review on catalytic hydrogenation of fructose into mannitol

“…It eventually provides syrup with 42% fructose, 52% glucose and 6% maltose. Sucrose is simply hydrolyzed to produce invert sugar syrup, which is 50% fructose 12 . The syrups in both cases are chromatographically purified to contain 90–95% fructose.…”

“…Sucrose is simply hydrolyzed to produce invert sugar syrup, which is 50% fructose. 12 The syrups in both cases are chromatographically purified to contain 90-95% fructose. The fructose is subsequently hydrogenated over a catalyst to produce sorbitol and mannitol isomers.…”

Chemical interactions in composites of gellan gum and bioactive glass: self-crosslinking and in vitro dissolution

“…We excluded the number of monovalent ions because sucrose will undergo hydrolysis in the presence of organic sulfonic acid (HEPES) at acidic pH (pH = 6.45-6.50) and degrade to glucose and fructose. Glucose, fructose, and HEPES will form salts with Na + and K + (Buttersack et al, 2021).…”

“…We hypothesized that crosslinks are formed between carboxylate anions of GG and divalent cations from BAG (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ), one divalent ion per two crosslinking sites (or one crosslink). We did not calculate monovalent Na + and K + ions for the formation of possible crosslinks with GG due to the reaction of these ions with HEPES, glucose, and fructose at acidic pH = 6.45-6.50 of HEPES/sucrose buffer (as products of hydrolyzed sucrose) with further formation of salts (Buttersack et al, 2021).…”