Hydrolysis of molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides: sols, powders and films

Yanovskaya, M. I.; Obvintseva, I. E.; Kessler, Vadim G.; Galyamov, B. Sh.; Kucheiko, S.I.; Shifrina, R.R.; Turova, Nataliya

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(90)90258-n

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A longer irradiation time will result in a larger photochromic response [22]. This photochromic phenomenon is observed most prominently in thin films of tungsten oxide [8,, which can be prepared by thermal evaporation [8, 26-28, 44, 45, 47, 48, 68, 71], reactive evaporation [44,72] rf sputtering [22,29,37,44,71], dc sputtering [54], electron beam deposition [34,60], sol-gel-related techniques [24,38,55,73,74], spray pyrolysis [47], electrodeposition [63,64], laser-related deposition technique [51,52,58] and so on. Different techniques for the film preparation often lead to thin films with somewhat different properties.…”

Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFM observations show that amorphous MoO 3 films are composed of grains ranging from 100 to 190 nm in size, which is made up of smaller particles approximately 25 nm in diameter [129]. MoO 3 film can be prepared by thermal evaporation [6,7,9,18,68,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135], flash evaporation [136], rf sputtering [126,127], dc sputtering [137], electron-beam evaporation [138,139], chemical vapor deposition [140][141][142], sol-gel-related techniques [74,143,144], electrodeposition [145,146], thermal decomposition of MoS 3 [147], laser-related deposition [51,52,148], and so forth. Also, different preparation technique often leads to somewhat different properties.…”

Section: Photochromic Behavior and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

He¹,

Yao²

2004

Res. Chem. Intermed.

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Transition-metal oxides -including tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide and zinc oxide -exhibit photochromism upon bandgap excitation. These oxides constitute an important group of inorganic chromogenic materials, which is of great significance in the perspective of science and technology. During the past several decades, great progresses have been made in the microstructure, photochromic behavior and mechanism of these oxides, specifically of tungsten oxide. These studies underscore the opportunity of using these materials in photonic applications. The details will be presented in this review.

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Section: Photochromic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photochromic Behavior and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

He¹,

Yao²

2004

Res. Chem. Intermed.

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“…Al 4 O(O i Bu) 10 ( i BuOH) + HO i Bu (b) Ether elimination reaction. It is especially characteristic of the derivatives of multivalent early transition elements, such as Mo(VI), 10,28,29 W(VI), 10,14 Nb(V), [30][31][32] This reaction was found to be catalyzed by the acidic reagents, for example: 33,34 MoO(OEt) (c) Reduction of the highly charged metal centers by the bhydrogen transfer is for the metal alkoxides quite often accompanying other processes such as hydrolysis 38 and ether elimination, 39 for example:…”

Section: Formation Of Heterometallic Oxoalkoxides Preparation Of Oxoa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular structure design and synthetic approaches to the heterometallic alkoxide complexes (soft chemistry approach to inorganic materials by the eyes of a crystallographer)

Kessler

2003

Chem. Commun.

132

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General principles of formation and stability of the heterometallic alkoxides existing due to Lewis Acid-Base interaction, isomorphous substitution and heterometallic metal-metal bonds are discussed. The molecular structure design approach based on the choice of a proper molecular structure type and completing it with the ligands, providing both the necessary number of donor atoms and the sterical protection of the metaloxygen core, is presented. Its applications in prediction of the composition and structure of single source precursors of inorganic materials are demonstrated for such classes of compounds as oxoalkoxides, alkoxide beta-diketonates, alkoxide carboxylates, derivatives of functional alcohols, metallatranes and metallasiloxanes.

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“…RF sputtering from targets of Mo and MoO 3 (Carcia & McCarron III 1987;Scarminio et al 1997) and DC planar magnetron sputtering from a Mo target (Jankowski & Schrawyer 1990) have also been carried out. CVD (Abdellaoui 1988;Cross & Schrader 1995) and sol-gel-related techniques (Yanovskaya et al 1990;Zhang et al 2001) are also major techniques used to produce MoO 3 films. There are a number of mechanisms which have been suggested to account for the photochromism in MoO 3 films.…”

Section: (B) Photochromism Of Molybdenum Oxide Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin films for solar control applications

2009

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The excessive use of heating systems in cold climates and air conditioning systems in hotter climates is resulting in the extensive use of electricity in order to maintain such systems. This in turn leads to the greater use of fossil fuels and higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases. The growing amount of carbon dioxide emissions is contributing to the problem of global warming, hence increasing the need for alternative technologies to heating and air conditioning systems.One such alternative is the production of thin films which can be used as window glazing coatings to construct 'smart windows'. These windows have the greatest use within constant climates. In cold climates, windows with high solar transmittance and low thermal emittance are needed; this allows sunlight into the building to brighten the room but stops heat from escaping thus warming the room. In constantly hot climates, materials that are transparent in the visible region but reflective in the infrared, such as thin metallic coatings, can be used to ensure that the inside of the building remains cool.These solar control coatings, however, pose a problem in varying climates such as in northern and central Europe. For these cases, materials that have altering properties owing to external surroundings could be the solution. These 'chromatic' materials include several categories, such as photochromic glasses and polymers, thermochromic metal oxides and electrochromic materials.This review will begin with a discussion as to the chemistry behind the solar control coatings and chromic materials including ambient radiation and the ideal of a blackbody object. It will then look in depth at each class of these chromic materials considering experimental results and theoretical insight as well as production techniques and applications.

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Hydrolysis of molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides: sols, powders and films

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

Photochromism in transition-metal oxides

Molecular structure design and synthetic approaches to the heterometallic alkoxide complexes (soft chemistry approach to inorganic materials by the eyes of a crystallographer)

Thin films for solar control applications

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