Four chiral, quaternary, N-methyl and N-benzyl derivatives of (R)-and (S)-quinuclidin-3-yl benzoates were synthesized and studied as substrates of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The k cat for the substrates decreased in the order (R)-N-methyl Ͼ (R)-N-benzyl (2.3-fold slower) ϾϾ (S)-Nmethyl (70.5-fold slower reaction), while for the (S)-N-benzyl ester inhibition of the enzyme was observed. The kinetics of inhibition (K a = 3.3 µM) indicated that binding to the catalytic site of BChE occurred. From the ratio of the k cat /K M values of both enantiomers an enantiomeric excess of 95% was calculated for N-methyl derivatives. Thus, BChE is suitable as a biocatalyst for the resolution of racemic quaternary quinu-