Hydric dilation of Mount Nemrut sandstones and its control by surfactants

Akoglu, Kiraz Goze; Caner-Saltık, Emine N.

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2014.06.005

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Protective treatments for sandstone more broadly have been studied extensively [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The two primary subdivisions of treatment are protective coatings and consolidants [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Efficiency and Compatibility of Hydrophobic Treatments in Protecting Vulnerable Sandstone at Arbroath Abbey (Scotland)

et al. 2023

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The application of hydrophobic treatments as a means of protecting vulnerable stone heritage has been a topic of research for decades. The findings of previous research have shown that there are a number of factors that influence the efficiency of a treatment and that sometimes, if used incorrectly, such treatments can even accelerate stone weathering and decay. In this study, we revisit a hydrophobic treatment test area at Arbroath Abbey where the product was applied over 40 years ago, thus providing a rare opportunity to investigate the long-term efficiency of hydrophobic treatments. As well as assessing the condition of the treated area in situ by means of moisture analyses, lab-based accelerated salt weathering experiments are conducted to better understand the impact of silane-based treatments on sandstone durability. Moreover, the petrography and petrophysical properties of weathered sandstone (open porosity, capillary absorption, and vapour diffusion) before and after treatment are also characterised to provide a better understanding of how stone properties may influence the compatibility of the treatment. The field-based results show that the treated area has maintained a degree of hydrophobicity since its application over 40 years ago. Both field-based and lab-based analyses suggest that silane-based treatments can be used successfully in protecting sandstone when applied correctly, both in reducing the rate of decay and functioning over long periods of time. However, sandstone heterogeneity may mean that some individual stones are less compatible with the hydrophobic treatment tested than others. Further field-based analyses (including methods such as XRF and in situ vp) of the treated area is required in order to determine the state of conservation more accurately. These results highlight the complexity in selecting a suitable hydrophobic treatment, especially at built sites where the mineralogy and petrophysical properties of the stone may vary between blocks. However, such treatments may still be important to consider as many climates, including Scotland’s, are becoming progressively wetter, increasing the vulnerability of stone heritage to moisture ingress, accelerated decay, and eventual ruin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Efficiency and Compatibility of Hydrophobic Treatments in Protecting Vulnerable Sandstone at Arbroath Abbey (Scotland)

et al. 2023

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“…This shows that the treatment with swelling inhibitors apparently can only reach a certain degree of effectiveness. Indeed, the study by Akoglu and Caner-Saltik [149] on the treatment of clay-containing Mount Nemrut sandstone using a range of surfactants showed that the best performing one, diaminoalkine (DAA) only achieved a swelling reduction of 40%.…”

Section: Use Of Swelling Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review

Elert

Rodríguez-Navarro

2022

Construction and Building Materials

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“…The tumulus was made up of crushed limestone pieces and encircled by three terraces on which god sculptures and guardian animals were built by Commagenian in 69-31 BC (Evelpidou et al, 2010;Akoğlu and Saltık, 2015;Topal et al, 2015).…”

Section: şEkil 8 Kapadokya'daki Kaymaklı Yer Altı şEhrinden Bir Görümentioning

confidence: 99%

İlk Çağlardan Günümüze Yeraltı Yapıları, Kaya Yapıları ve Kaya Mekaniği

Akış¹,

Satıcı²

2017

Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi

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Usage of underground space is an old habit for human beings since ancient era. Our ancestors have used caves as a shelter for protection from the wild life and nature, and they excavated caves to extract valuable minerals. They also used them as sanctuaries, tombs or for storage of goods. In addition, they built tunnels to be used as assault systems or to underpass fortifications during ancient warfare. Later on, tunnels were driven to supply water to the towns or to protect the towns from floods. They also built them for communication purposes. Though not knowing the exact time when they were first used, natural underground structures which have several interconnections were also built for underground dwelling purposes through the human history. In the following centuries, due to the need of transportation facilities, transportation tunnels were constructed where new excavation techniques were also used. Navigation canal tunnels, railway tunnels and road tunnels were constructed during that period. All these structures were mostly excavated in rocks. The first excavations were performed manually. Later on, fire technique had been used to excavate more easily. This was followed by the methods in which gunpowder, explosives and tunneling machinery were used. By some means or other, ancient civilizations had used fundamental principles of rock mechanics and applied these principles in the construction of the underground structures. Principles of rock mechanics are the sine qua non for all of these structures and facilities. In this review paper, the history and evaluation of rock mechanics will be given briefly and some examples of historical and monumental underground and rock structures will be presented. Keywords

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Hydric dilation of Mount Nemrut sandstones and its control by surfactants

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

The Long-Term Efficiency and Compatibility of Hydrophobic Treatments in Protecting Vulnerable Sandstone at Arbroath Abbey (Scotland)

The Long-Term Efficiency and Compatibility of Hydrophobic Treatments in Protecting Vulnerable Sandstone at Arbroath Abbey (Scotland)

Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review

İlk Çağlardan Günümüze Yeraltı Yapıları, Kaya Yapıları ve Kaya Mekaniği

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