Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review

Elert, Kerstin; Rodríguez-Navarro, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127226

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…According to the results of the experiment, it was established that the particle size distribution in the raw material is bimodal with maxima at about 3.5 µm and 25 µm. The average particle size is about 9 µm [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Sh.M.¹

2023

ijcsrr

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This article used modern methods of physical and chemical analysis to study the properties of raw materials. In our studies, the chemical, mineralogical composition, physical and mechanical properties of ancient Khiva’s used historical monuments, ceramic bricks, and masonry mortars were studied. After studying these properties, we selected new formulations to develop alternative materials. We have studied the possibilities of using modifying additives, as a result of which an identical brick will be obtained in terms of color characteristics. During the research, the chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of historical bricks, masonry mortars, and clay raw materials were determined, and their ceramic–technological and thermophysical properties were studied. The chemical composition of raw materials was studied by X–ray phase studies using non–traditional modern physical and chemical methods, the mineralogical composition of raw materials was determined by scanning (scanning) microscopy, and the granulometric composition of raw materials was determined by the dry method and sedimentation analysis. The raw materials for the development of materials for the restoration of architectural monuments were the loess–like rocks of the Suzanlinskoye deposit, waste from sugar production – defecation formed at the JV JSC “Khorezm Shakar” and amorphous silica. Loess–like rocks are predominantly light brown or gray in color, consisting of minerals that form a complex structure. According to the data obtained, a comprehensive study of loess–like rocks is of great scientific and practical importance, since more than 70% of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is made up of loess–like and loess–like rocks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, it was proposed to use polymers and alkoxysilanes in composite clay [7], but the authors considered this method to be ineffective in preserving ancient historical monuments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Sh.M.¹

2023

ijcsrr

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“…(a) Comparison of powder XRD patterns of coating materials SiO 2 , F-ZnO/SiO 2 , and ZnO . (b) FT-IR spectra to compare the valence bond structures of powder material ZnO/SiO 2 and F-ZnO/SiO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, some natural phenomena are not yet fully understood, which hinders the development of this work. One of these cases, the clay within the stone, such as wall painting, after being subjected to wet/dry cycles, usually results in flaking, scaling, or layering of the stone . Stone heritages often undergo a variety of weathering processes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, which endanger their survival. , During this process, some diseases, such as salt crystallization injury, water freezing expansion, thermal expansion, chemical reactions, and biological contamination, are generated in the building material, resulting in crack propagation and material loss or even structural weakening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosized ZnO/SiO₂-Based Amphiphobic Coatings for Stone Heritage Protection

Chai

Wang

Shi

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Exploring and developing an efficient protective coating for precious stone heritages that have been exposed to sunlight and rain for a long time is crucial. The UV resistance properties of nano-ZnO are apparent. Nano-SiO2 has a stable chemical structure and is one of the main components of stone. This paper introduces the synergistic protective effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) on stone, which is novel in this field. The functional nanocomposite coating (FZS coating) was obtained by spraying the ultrasonic mixture of ZnO-NPs and SiO2-NPs, cross-linked with a silane coupling agent, and modified by fluorocarbon. Wettability and UV aging tests showed that the sandstone deposited by FZS coating had excellent amphiphobicity (water contact angle (WCA) > 160°, oil contact angle (OCA) < 140°). The hydrophobicity was almost changeless after 300 h of UV irradiation, indicating high UV absorption capacity and durability. Interestingly, the amphiphobicity remains unchanged after alternating treatments of temperature and humidity, expressing superior weathering stability. This facile functional coating has potential applications protecting outdoor stone heritages.

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“…Sedimentary stones, such as limestones, usually contain a portion of clay minerals in their matrix (Aly et al, 2020). The damage by swelling clays in stones has been recognized as a major problem in the conservation of cultural heritage (Elert and Rodriguez-Navarro, 2022).…”

Section: Relative Humidity Affects Sab Rehydration and Stone Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A desiccated dual-species subaerial biofilm reprograms its metabolism and affects water dynamics in limestone

Villa

Ludwig

Mazzini

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 130 publications

Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Nanosized ZnO/SiO₂-Based Amphiphobic Coatings for Stone Heritage Protection

A desiccated dual-species subaerial biofilm reprograms its metabolism and affects water dynamics in limestone

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Degradation and conservation of clay-containing stone: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 130 publications

Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments

Nanosized ZnO/SiO2-Based Amphiphobic Coatings for Stone Heritage Protection

A desiccated dual-species subaerial biofilm reprograms its metabolism and affects water dynamics in limestone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nanosized ZnO/SiO₂-Based Amphiphobic Coatings for Stone Heritage Protection