Hybrid Nanocellulose-Copper (II) Oxide as Engine Oil Additives for Tribological Behavior Improvement

Abstract

<jats:p>Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3–47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.</jats:p>

Study of the Effect of ZnO Functionalization on the Performance of a Fully Formulated Engine Oil

“…Along with the improvement of the tribological behaviour, it has been shown that some nanomaterial additives can significantly improve lubrication performance by enhancing the thermal stability of the lubricant [ 6 , 7 ], all of which have a significant impact on fuel consumption. In addition, nanomaterials are relatively resistant to temperature, making them an interesting alternative or complement to traditional additives [ 8 ].…”

“…The review of the literature shows that there are very few studies using fully formulated engine oils [ 20 ], since they focus on lubricant baseoils [ 8 , 9 , 21 , 22 ], so the impact that functionalized ZnO nanomaterials have not only on tribological performance but also on how these metal oxide nanomaterials interact with other conventional antioxidants such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP) [ 23 ] and other types of additives in engine oils, is unclear.…”