Classification of Lubricants Base Oils for Nanolubricants Applications—A Review

Kadirgama, G.; Kamarulzaman, Mohd Kamal; Ramasamy, D.; Kadirgama, K.; Hisham, Sakinah

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1457-7_16

Cited by 2 publications

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References 34 publications

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“…Recently, several investigations have been performed by scientists and industry to find sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives [15][16][17][18][19]. The usage of these materials has been emerging and is more common in certain environmentally-sensitive fields [1][2][3][4][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halloysite Reinforced Natural Esters for Energy Applications

et al. 2023

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Recently, environmentally friendly and sustainable materials are being developed, searching for biocompatible and efficient materials which could be incorporated into diverse industries and fields. Natural esters are investigated and have emerged as eco-friendly high-performance alternatives to mineral fluids. This research shows the evaluations on thermal transport and tribological properties of halloysite nanotubular structures (HNS) reinforcing natural ester lubricant at various filler fractions (0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 wt.%). Nanolubricant tribotestings were evaluated under two configurations, block-on-ring, and 4-balls, to obtain the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD), respectively. Results indicated improvements, even at merely 0.01 wt.% HNS concentration, where COF and WSD were reduced by ~66% and 8%, respectively, when compared to pure natural ester. The maximum significant improvement was observed for the 0.05 wt.% concentration, which resulted in a reduction of 87% in COF and 37% in WSD. Thermal conductivity was analyzed under a temperature scan from room temperature up to 70 °C (343 K). Results indicate that thermal conductivity is improved as the HNS concentration and testing temperature are increased. Results revealed improvements for the nanolubricants in the range of 8–16% at 50 °C (323 K) and reached a maximum of 30% at 70 °C (343 K). Therefore, this research suggests that natural ester/HNS lubricants might be used in industrial applications as green lubricants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halloysite Reinforced Natural Esters for Energy Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Many countries face severe challenges to sustainable growth and industrialization due to the growing fuel prices and environmental deterioration [1,2]. One of the consequences of these challenges is the hunt for renewable energy sources that fulfill world requirements for engine emissions and performance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-Chemical Properties Modification of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Oil and Diesel Fuel for the Internal Combustion Engines Application

et al. 2022

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The use of insects as a biofuel feedstock has received limited research, and little is known about the fuel characteristics of insect biofuel. Fuel properties characterization can guide researchers focused on renewable fuel for the internal combustion engine. Therefore, this investigation focused on the physical-chemical properties modification of Hermetia illucens larvae oil (HILO) and diesel fuel blends, which could highly become an alternative renewable fuel. Five test fuel blends of HILO and diesel fuel were prepared at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on a volume basis. Fuel properties such as chemical composition, density, viscosity, heating value, cetane number, and flash point of the test fuel blends were analyzed and compared to the diesel fuel. The main physical-chemical properties of HILO-diesel fuel blends were determined following the ASTM standards. Based on the results, the density, viscosity, cetane number, and flash point of the diesel fuel-HILO fuel blends were increased by 11.28%, 740.30%, 16.92%, and 86.67%, respectively, with the addition of HILO, except for the heating value reduced by 13.66%.

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Classification of Lubricants Base Oils for Nanolubricants Applications—A Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Halloysite Reinforced Natural Esters for Energy Applications

Halloysite Reinforced Natural Esters for Energy Applications

Physical-Chemical Properties Modification of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Oil and Diesel Fuel for the Internal Combustion Engines Application

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