Hybrid effects of zirconia nanoparticles with aluminum borate whiskers on mechanical properties of denture base resin PMMA

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the hybrid effects of ZrO 2 nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) and aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) on flexural strength and surface hardness of denture base resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Both nano-ZrO 2 and ABWs were modified by silane coupling agent (Z6030) before being mixed with PMMA. Various amounts of silanized nano-ZrO 2 and ABWs were mixed with PMMA to prepare ZrO 2 -ABW/PMMA composites. Flexural strength and surface hardness were evaluated using threepoint bending test and Vickers hardness test respectively. Fractured surfaces were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical behaviors of silanized ZrO 2 -ABW/PMMA composites were significantly improved. Flexural strength reached a maximum value of 108.01±5.54 MPa when 2 wt% of nano-ZrO 2 was mixed with ABWs at a ZrO 2 /ABW ratio of 1:2, amounting to an increase of 52% when compared with pure PMMA. Surface hardness achieved a maximum value of 22.50±0.86 MPa when 3 wt% of nano-ZrO 2 was mixed with ABWs at the same ZrO 2 /ABW ratio, which was an increase of 27% when compared with pure PMMA.

Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and mechanical behavior of nano-enhanced denture base resin with different kinds of inorganic antibacterial agents

“…All of them have demonstrated their outstanding ability in enhance the mechanical behavior of resin 12) . And our previous research confirmed that both ABWs and ZrO2 were added in PMMA with certain proportion, the results showed that they could improve the mechanical properties obviously 10,11) . Another clinical problem associated with self-curing acrylic resins is the adhesion of dental plaque formed by oral microorganisms due to the PMMA's high water absorption capacity, surface porosities and materia alba configuration 13) .…”

“…Two weight percentage silanized nano-ZrO 2 particles and 4 wt% silanized ABWs were mixed with PMMA powder by ball milling (XQM, Nanjing Kexi Laboratory Apparatus Research Institute, Nanjing, China) at a speed of 180 rpm (revolutions per min) for 120 min to get ZrO 2-ABWs/PMMA composites according to the previous studies 10) . TiO2, Ag/TiO2, Novaron and T-ZnOw of 3 wt% were mixed with the composites respectively.…”

“…To circumvent the less-than-ideal PMMA denture base material, diverse methods have been attempted to improve the mechanical property 9) . Inorganic fillers such as fibers and particles have been widely used in the reinforcement of PMMA, and have been proved to be an effective way to improve the mechanical properties 10) . Among those whiskers being used, aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) were first developed in 1980s, which offer superior mechanical properties at a low cost 11) .…”

The effects of adding various ratios of zirconium oxide nanoparticles to poly(methyl methacrylate) on physical and mechanical properties

“…1). However, Zhang et al (15) indicated that another way to control the filler dispersion to the PMMA matrix was to manipulate the nano-ZrO 2 /PMMA nanocomposite preparation procedure. They reported that mechanical attrition such as bead ball milling and ultrasonication could be used to resist nanoparticle clustering during the modification procedure.…”

“…Recently, there have been many studies on the effect of ZrO 2 nanoparticle (nano-ZrO 2 ) addition as a filler to acrylic resin (14)(15)(16). The properties of the polymer-nanoparticle depend on the type of incorporating nanoparticles, their size and shape, as well as the concentration and interaction with the polymer matrix (16).…”