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The aim of this study was to investigate the hybrid effects of ZrO 2 nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) and aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) on flexural strength and surface hardness of denture base resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Both nano-ZrO 2 and ABWs were modified by silane coupling agent (Z6030) before being mixed with PMMA. Various amounts of silanized nano-ZrO 2 and ABWs were mixed with PMMA to prepare ZrO 2 -ABW/PMMA composites. Flexural strength and surface hardness were evaluated using threepoint bending test and Vickers hardness test respectively. Fractured surfaces were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical behaviors of silanized ZrO 2 -ABW/PMMA composites were significantly improved. Flexural strength reached a maximum value of 108.01±5.54 MPa when 2 wt% of nano-ZrO 2 was mixed with ABWs at a ZrO 2 /ABW ratio of 1:2, amounting to an increase of 52% when compared with pure PMMA. Surface hardness achieved a maximum value of 22.50±0.86 MPa when 3 wt% of nano-ZrO 2 was mixed with ABWs at the same ZrO 2 /ABW ratio, which was an increase of 27% when compared with pure PMMA.

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