Hybrid composite membranes of chitosan/sulfonated polyaniline/silica as polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells

Vijayakumar, Vijayalekshmi; Khastgir, Dipak

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.083

Cited by 83 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Schaffer et al has produced CS membrane with various thicknesses based on degree of deacetylation and the molar mass of CS parameters without involving other polymer. Vijayalekshmi and Dipak Khastgir composed three components to fabricate a hybrid membrane consisting of a CS biopolymer and polyaniline with silica as filler. The mechanical properties and oxidative stabilities were enhanced.…”

Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…SiO 2 and TiO 2 have been also widely researched for polymer electrolytes for fuel cells (see Table ). The composite membranes present good ionic conductivity as well as good water retention at low‐to‐medium temperatures . However, unlike SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 is used in photocatalytic, optical, and photovoltaic applications .…”

Section: Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite membranes present good ionic conductivity as well as good water retention at low-to-medium temperatures. [164] However, unlike SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 is used in photocatalytic, optical, and photovoltaic applications. [1] A maximum addition of 2% of silica in food and beverage materials is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which makes this nanofiller attractive for packaging applications.…”

Section: Nano-oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An application‐oriented roadmap to select polymeric nanocomposites for advanced applications: A review

2019

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Polymeric nanocomposites are the materials incorporating nanosized inclusions into the polymer matrixes. The result of the addition of nanoparticles/fibers is a drastic improvement in properties that may include mechanical, electrical, thermal conductivity, or even the acoustical properties. Polymer nanocomposites have spawned huge interest for the development of high‐performance products such as lightweight sensors, thin‐film capacitors, batteries, flame retardant products, biodegradable and biocompatible materials, and so on. The field of polymer nanocomposites has been at the forefront of research in the polymer community for the past few decades and an extremely large number of scientific papers have been published. Nevertheless, application‐oriented guidelines for selecting the ecofriendly nanocomposites for advanced industrial applications are missing in the state of the art. This review article summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art polymeric nanocomposites, highlighting prominent nanofillers categorized based on their applications, origins, dimensional characteristics, and so on. Each filler type contains a short description of its main feature together with the most relevant and potential applications. To address the global concern about nondegradable wastes, novel green alternatives of each nanofiller type are discussed. Special attention is also given to the biocompatibility properties of the composites. This study provides a state‐of‐the‐art road map to select multifunctional polymeric nanocomposites from huge varieties for advanced industrial applications.

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“…However, the perfluorosulfonic acid material presents several drawbacks including but not limited to high cost (due to difficulty to manufacture) and high methanol permeability . Many polymers have been sulfonated and extensively investigated as promising candidates for alternative PEM materials such as poly(phenylene), polysulfone, poly(ether ether ketone), polyimide, polyaniline, poly(arylene ether sulfone), poly(styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene), among others . However, these sulfonated polymers usually have lower proton conductivity than that of Nafion ® due to the lower acidity of the sulfonic acid and less distinct phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of novel phosphonated and sulfonated poly(styrene–isobutylene–styrene) for fuel cell and protective clothing applications

Ruiz-Colón

Pérez‐Pérez

Suleiman

2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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A novel aromatic block–graft copolymer of sulfonated poly(styrene–isobutylene–styrene)‐graft‐poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) (SIBS‐g‐PVPA SO3H) was synthetized for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and chemical and biological protective clothing (CBPC) applications. The polystyrene (PS) blocks of SIBS were chloromethylated via a Friedel–Crafts reaction to obtain the macroinitiator SIBS‐CH2Cl. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was performed to graft VPA to the chloromethylated groups of the macroinitiator and yield SIBS‐g‐PVPA, which was subsequently sulfonated using acetyl sulfate as the sulfonating agent. After each functionalization step, a membrane was prepared by using the solvent casting technique. The final membrane was composed of triblock SIBS as the backbone, PVPA grafts attached to the chloromethylated PS end blocks and sulfonic groups in the non‐chloromethylated PS units. A comprehensive materials characterization study (e.g., GPC, FTIR, TGA, EA) was performed to confirm proper functionalization of each material. Unique ionic interactions (i.e., crosslinking via formation of sulfonate–phosphonium complexes) arose between the phosphonic and sulfonic groups (i.e., PO3H2 and SO3H, respectively) that enhanced the water absorption capabilities, thermal and oxidative stability, and the transport properties of SIBS. The SIBS‐g‐PVPA SO3H membrane presented high Nafion® normalized selectivity and separation efficiency, indicating that this ionomer adequately functions for both applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1424–1435

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Hybrid composite membranes of chitosan/sulfonated polyaniline/silica as polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells

Cited by 83 publications

References 53 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

An application‐oriented roadmap to select polymeric nanocomposites for advanced applications: A review

Synthesis and characterization of novel phosphonated and sulfonated poly(styrene–isobutylene–styrene) for fuel cell and protective clothing applications

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