Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Shaari, Norazuwana; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom

doi:10.1002/er.4348

Cited by 136 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…The population continuously increased until 6.5 billion in 2005. 6,7 Besides, fuel cell technologies provide high efficiency, sustainability, and environment friendly. Moreover, the modern lifestyle is extremely dependent on an electronic device, mobile, household appliance, and portable power generation; lifestyle that will be expecting the demand for electricity will increase further to 44% from 2006 to 2030.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

et al. 2019

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are an electrochemical energy converter that receives the world's attention as a power generation system of the future owing to its flexibility to consume various types of fuels, low emission of greenhouses gases, and having high efficiency reaching over 70%. A conventional SOFCs operates at high temperature, typically ranges between 800 to 1000°C. SOFCs use yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte, which exhibits excellent oxide ion conductivity in this temperature range. However, this temperature range poses an issue to SOFCs durability, as it leads to the degradation of the cell components. In addition, SOFCs application is limited and difficult to implement for the transportation sector and portable appliance. A viable solution is to lower the SOFCs operating temperature to intermediate (600 to 800°C ) or low (<600°C) operating temperature. The benefit of this way, cell durability will improve, as well as other advantages such as facilitates handling, assembling, dismantling, cost reduction, and expanded the SOFCs application. Nonetheless, the key challenge for the issue is finding suitable electrolyte, as YSZ have lower ionic conductivity at low and intermediate temperature range. The aim of this paper is to review the status and challenges in the attempts made to modify YSZ electrolyte within the past decade. The resulting ionic conductivity, microstructure, and densification, mechanical and thermal properties of these 'new' electrolytes critically reviewed. The targeted conductivity of modification of YSZ electrolyte must be exceeded >0.1 S cm -1 to enable high performance of SOFCs power generation systems to be realized for transportation and portable applications. Based on our knowledge, this paper is the first review which focused on the recent status and challenges of YSZ electrolyte towards lowering the operating temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

et al. 2019

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“…[7][8][9][10] Nafion membranes are currently used because of their advantages over other membranes like excellent conductivity of proton, noble chemical, and physical stability. [18][19][20] Sodium alginate (SA) films are useful in many areas, including food packaging, medical applications, tissue engineering, separation, and fuel cells, due to their great potential to be made into various forms. Besides, the oxidation process of methanol on the cathode side produced the excess water formation, which leads to the flooding phenomena on the cathode compartment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of sodium alginate/titanium oxide biomembrane nanocomposite in DMFC application

2019

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Summary A proton exchange membrane was synthesized consuming a sodium alginate biopolymer as the matrix and titanium oxide as the nanofiller. The titanium oxide content varied from 5 to 25 wt%. The biomembrane nanocomposite performs better than the pristine sodium alginate membrane based on liquid uptake, methanol permeability, proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and oxidative stability outcomes. The unique properties of sodium alginate and titanium oxide lead to outstanding interconnections, thus producing new materials with great characteristics and enhanced performance. The highest proton conductivity achieved in this study is 17.3 × 10‐3 S cm‐1, which performed by SAT5 (25 wt%) membranes at 70°C. An optimal content of titanium oxide enhances the conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of pure sodium alginate is greatly reduced and achieves a good liquid uptake capacity and swelling ratio. The characteristics of the SA/TiO2 biomembrane nanocomposite were determined with field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical strength analysis.

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“…4,7 As a green technology, the consumption of renewable fuel such as hydrogen, methanol, and ethanol which naturally available and easy to produce from the fermentation process leads the fuel cells technologies are categorized as a sustainable and reliable energy system. [12][13][14] The pioneer fuel for SOFC application is hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 10,11 The types of fuel cells technologies are classified by type of fuel consumptions, the working temperature, electrolyte consumption, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid oxide fuel cell component fabrication methods toward lowering temperature

et al. 2019

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The solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) emerge as an alternative power generation system for high-scale stationary application and power plant station. The SOFC consumption leads to the high-efficiency energy production that forms variety of fuels up to 60% energy conversion; the operation system does not involve the burning process and minimizes the air pollution. Also, the aptitude to provide the cogenerative energy production from the heat waste during the operation process serve SOFC as an attractive green technology and environmentally friendly. However, the SOFC consumption remains limited for transportation and portable applications because the simple design of power source compartment is still the major hurdle in each SOFC component development and commercialization. Therefore, the appropriate fabrication method of each SOFC component is important to achieve the reliability of the SOFC application for the small-scale power generation design. In this paper, an overview of the design types and SOFC components and properties following electrode, electrolyte, interconnect and sealant are discussed and summarized. As the thirdgeneration fuel cells, which entice the commercialization stage, this paper concentrates more on the fabrication method of each SOFC components that were explored including the working principle, advantage, disadvantage and several previous works on each fabrication method, which are described to finding the appropriate fabrication method toward lowering the operating temperature and develop the simple design of SOFC power sources system for the transportation and portable application. The targeted market power production of SOFC system for transportation application is about 5 kW and 250 W for portable application.

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Cited by 136 publications

References 298 publications

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

A review on recent status and challenges of yttria stabilized zirconia modification to lowering the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells operation

Potential of sodium alginate/titanium oxide biomembrane nanocomposite in DMFC application

A review of solid oxide fuel cell component fabrication methods toward lowering temperature

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